| 段腾飞,钟帆,邓隆华,伍尚权,徐立,郑莉,徐嘉欣,李有建,戴睿智,许燕滨.基于初始含水率调控的牛粪好氧堆肥过程恶臭管理及气体排放规律[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(9):2411-2423. |
| 基于初始含水率调控的牛粪好氧堆肥过程恶臭管理及气体排放规律 |
| Investigation into the regularity of odorous gas emissions and management strategies in aerobic composting of cattle manure based on initial moisture content regulation |
| 投稿时间：2025-10-21 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0953 |
| 中文关键词: 堆肥 含水率 牛粪 恶臭气体 微生物群落 |
| 英文关键词: composting moisture content cattle manure odorous gas microbial community |
| 基金项目:广州市科技计划重点项目（2024B03J1328） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 段腾飞 | 广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院, 广州 510006
温氏食品集团股份有限公司, 广东 云浮 527400 | | | 钟帆 | 广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院, 广州 510006 | | | 邓隆华 | 广东益康生环保科技有限公司, 广东 云浮 527400 | | | 伍尚权 | 广东益康生环保科技有限公司, 广东 云浮 527400 | | | 徐立 | 广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院, 广州 510006 | | | 郑莉 | 广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院, 广州 510006 | | | 徐嘉欣 | 广东益康生环保科技有限公司, 广东 云浮 527400 | | | 李有建 | 温氏食品集团股份有限公司, 广东 云浮 527400 | | | 戴睿智 | 广东益康生环保科技有限公司, 广东 云浮 527400 | junchengbiology@163.com | | 许燕滨 | 广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院, 广州 510006 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确初始含水率对规模化畜禽养殖场高负荷、大气量、难处理恶臭气体的影响，本研究以初始含水率60%、65%和70%的牛粪为对象，开展52 d连续堆肥试验，通过厘清恶臭气体排放特征和功能微生物的演替规律，揭示其内在调控机制。研究表明：氨气、硫化氢和甲硫醚等恶臭气体主要排放于高温期。初始含水率70%组能够有效降低氨气和硫化氢在高温期的排放峰值，全周期排放量较含水率65%组分别减少17%和45%。但对甲硫醚的控制效果有限。硫化氢被确定为堆肥过程中主要致臭物质。初始含水率70%组因适宜的氧气梯度和水分条件，显著减少硫化氢排放。其中，高水分增强了氨气等水溶性气体的溶解，进而有效抑制其排放。同时，该组有机质降解最为彻底，种子发芽指数也达到有机肥施用标准。初始含水率70%组微生物群落丰度和多样性最高，通过多途径的生物过程加速恶臭气体的降解。其中，Candidatus_Chloroploca可显著降低硫化氢，Thermobacillus是恶臭气体产生的关键菌属。研究表明，初始含水率70%组通过优化微生物菌群结构，实现了恶臭气体的有效控制。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To clarify the effect of initial moisture content on high-load, large-volume, and difficult-to-treat odorous gas in large-scale livestock and poultry farms. Hence, this study was conducted using cattle manure with initial moisture contents of 60%, 65%, and 70% in a 52-day continuous composting experiment. The intrinsic regulatory mechanisms were identified by clarifying the emission characteristics of odorous gas and the succession patterns of functional microorganisms. The results indicated：Odorous gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and dimethyl sulfide were primarily emitted during the high-temperature phase. The 70% initial moisture content group effectively decreased the emission peaks of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide during this phase, reducing total emissions by 17% and 45%, respectively, compared to the 65% group. However, its effect on controlling dimethyl sulfide was limited. Hydrogen sulfide was confirmed as the primary odor contributor during composting. The 70% initial moisture group significantly reduced hydrogen sulfide emissions due to favorable oxygen gradients and moisture conditions. Higher moisture enhanced the dissolution of water-soluble gases like ammonia, effectively suppressing their release. Concurrently, this group exhibited the most complete organic matter degradation, with seed germination indices meeting organic fertilizer application standards. The 70% initial moisture content group exhibited the highest microbial community abundance and diversity, accelerating the degradation of odorous gas through multiple biological processes. Candidatus Chloroploca significantly decreased hydrogen sulfide, while Thermobacillus was identified as a crucial genus for odorous gas production. The 70% moisture group achieved effective odor control by optimizing microbial community structure. |
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