黄淮海平原南部畜禽养殖舍氨排放特征及影响因素

王金涵; 聂兆君; 介晓磊; 刘亥扬; 刘世亮; 陶志康; 吴孟孟; 张玉鹏; 刘红恩

文章摘要

王金涵,聂兆君,介晓磊,刘亥扬,刘世亮,陶志康,吴孟孟,张玉鹏,刘红恩.黄淮海平原南部畜禽养殖舍氨排放特征及影响因素[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(10):2629-2638.

黄淮海平原南部畜禽养殖舍氨排放特征及影响因素

Characteristics of ammonia emission from livestock and poultry farms in the southern Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and influencing factors

投稿时间：2024-12-16

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-1099

中文关键词: 氨排放清单氨排放通量黄淮海平原畜禽养殖日变化

英文关键词: ammonia emission inventory ammonia emission flux Huang-Huai-Hai Plain livestock and poultry farming diurnal variation

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1700900）；2024年河南农业大学本科教育教学改革研究与实践项目（2024XJGLX034）

作者	单位	E-mail
王金涵	河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046
聂兆君	河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 河南省土壤污染防控与修复重点实验室, 郑州 450046
介晓磊	河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 农业农村部黄淮海平原耕地质量保育重点实验室, 郑州 450046
刘亥扬	河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 河南省土壤污染防控与修复重点实验室, 郑州 450046
刘世亮	河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 农业农村部黄淮海平原耕地质量保育重点实验室, 郑州 450046
陶志康	河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046
吴孟孟	河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046
张玉鹏	河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 河南省土壤污染防控与修复重点实验室, 郑州 450046	ccfzyp@outlook.com
刘红恩	河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 农业农村部黄淮海平原耕地质量保育重点实验室, 郑州 450046 河南省土壤污染防控与修复重点实验室, 郑州 450046	liuhongen7178@126.com

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中文摘要:

为构建精确的畜禽养殖氨（NH₃）排放清单，并揭示不同畜禽类型的氨排放季节性特征，本研究以黄淮海平原南部的某集约化奶牛舍、笼养蛋鸡养殖舍和规模化育肥猪养殖舍为研究对象，采用抽气法，对春、夏、秋、冬 4个季节以及育肥猪全生育期的NH₃排放通量特征进行了系统分析。结果表明：奶牛单位 NH₃排放速率最高，蛋鸡单位 NH₃排放速率秋季最高为 78.45 mg·d^-1·羽^-1，育肥猪单位NH₃排放速率在猪体质量110 kg时最高为684.61 mg·d^-1·头^-1。蛋鸡养殖舍除冬季外，单位排放速率随季节变化呈上升趋势，而奶牛单位排放速率冬季最低为39.39 g·d^-1·头^-1，其次分别是春季、夏季、秋季。蛋鸡养殖舍出风口外排NH₃浓度及NH₃排放通量变化昼夜变化明显，秋季整体外排NH₃浓度及NH₃排放通量最高，分别为1.67~2.58 mg·m^-3和34.6~88.84 g·h^-1。奶牛场春、夏、秋三个季节NH₃浓度在夜晚21：00达到最大值，而冬季在凌晨3：00，其中春季和秋季，夏季和冬季的NH₃排放通量趋势相较一致，秋季 NH₃浓度整体最高，在 0.37~1.09 mg·m^-3之间波动。全生育期育肥猪随着体质量的增加，出风口外排 NH₃浓度及NH₃排放通量越来越高，且在体质量70 kg（6.23 mg·m^-3）和110 kg（11.10 mg·m^-3）时昼夜变化明显，而在体质量30 kg时，NH₃浓度日变化呈下降趋势。三类养殖场舍内的NH₃浓度变化与清粪频率密切相关：清粪完成后NH₃浓度最低，随后随着禽舍内粪尿累积逐渐升高，直至下一次清粪后再次下降，这表明优化清粪过程是减少养殖舍NH₃浓度的关键措施。

英文摘要:

In order to construct an accurate ammonia emission inventory for livestock and poultry farming and to reveal the seasonal characteristics of ammonia emissions from different types of livestock and poultry, this study selected an intensive dairy barn, a caged layer house, and a large-scale fattening pig barn in the southern Huang-Huai-Hai Plain as research subjects. Using the air extraction method, a systematic analysis was conducted on the characteristics of ammonia emission fluxes during the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter, as well as throughout the entire growth period of fattening pigs. The results showed that dairy cows had the highest NH 3 emission rate, hens had the highest NH₃ emission rate per unit in the fall at 78.45 mg·d^-1·feather-1, and fattening pigs had the highest NH₃ emission rate per unit at a pig weight of 110 kg at 684.61 mg · d^-1 · head^-1. Unlike egg farms, which showed an increasing trend in unit emission rates following seasonal changes except in winter, dairy unit emission rates were lowest in winter at 39.39 g·d^-1·head^-1, followed by spring, summer, and fall, respectively. The changes in the external NH₃ concentration and NH₃ emission flux at the outlet of the laying hen farm varied significantly during day and night, and the overall external NH₃ concentration and NH₃ emission flux were the highest in the fall, ranging from 1.67 mg·m^-3 to 2.58 mg·m^-3 and 34.6 g·h-1 to 88.84 g·h-1, respectively. Dairy farm NH₃ concentrations reached a maximum at 21：00 p.m. during the spring, summer, and fall seasons and at 3：00 a.m. during the winter, with relatively consistent trends in NH₃ emission fluxes in the spring and fall, and summer and winter, with the highest overall NH₃ concentrations in the fall, fluctuating between 0.37 mg·m^-3 and 1.09 mg·m^-3. The NH₃ concentrations and NH₃ emission fluxes out of the air outlets of full-life fattening pigs increased with the increase of pig weights and varied significantly during the day and night at pig weights of 70 kg（6.23 mg·m^-3）and 110 kg（11.10 mg·m^-3）, whereas the daily variations of the NH₃ concentrations showed a decreasing trend at pig weights of 30 kg. Changes in NH₃ concentrations on the three types of farms were closely related to the frequency of manure removal：NH₃ concentrations were lowest after the completion of manure removal, then gradually increased with the accumulation of feces and urine in the poultry house until they decreased again after the next manure removal. This suggests that optimizing the manure removal process is a key measure for reducing NH₃ concentrations on farms.

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