| 侯朋福,赵旭,薛利红,杨林章.我国农业面源污染治理技术的演进与展望[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(8):1955-1963. |
| 我国农业面源污染治理技术的演进与展望 |
| Evolution and prospects of agricultural non-point source pollution control technologies in China |
| 投稿时间：2025-03-31 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0308 |
| 中文关键词: 农业面源污染 治理技术 智能决策 人工智能 |
| 英文关键词: agricultural non-point source pollution governance technologies intelligent decision-making artificial intelligence |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1700803）；江苏省重点研发计划项目（D21YFD17008）；江苏省自然科学基金项目（BK20240163） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本文系统回顾了我国农业面源污染治理技术的演进历程，并结合人工智能、物联网等新兴技术，展望了未来治理的创新方向。回溯发现，1990年之前的相关研究主要为随着问题显现开展的理论及认识探讨；2011年提出面源污染治理的系统控制理论，填补了治理领域无理论指导的空白；2021年以来，模型决策和智能装备驱动的面源污染治理技术迭代更新明显加快。同时，1991—2010 年期间开展了涉及农田养分管理、排水的拦截净化及水环境修复等多方面的大量研究，但文献关键词可视化知识图谱分析并未形成治理技术的领域聚类，凸显出该阶段理论指导的缺乏。据此，我国农业面源污染治理技术的演进历程可以划分为面源污染问题显现及认识探讨（1970—1990 年）、面源污染发生理论与单一防控技术积累（1991—2010 年）、系统治理思想与全局治理体系形成（2011—2020 年）和模型决策及智能装备驱动的治理技术革新（2021 年至今）4 个阶段。随着人工智能技术的持续突破，今后应重点开展污染风险的实时预警溯源、污染治理的分层级决策、多类型污染物的立体协同防控、自主决策“面源机器人”开发等方面的跨学科攻关，实现农业面源污染治理从“被动治理”到“主动防控”的转变，推动我国农业面源污染治理的范式创新。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This paper systematically reviews the evolution of agricultural non-point source pollution（ANSP）control technologies in China and looks forward to the innovative directions by incorporating emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence（AI）and the internet of things. A retrospective analysis identified that the related research before 1990 was primarily focused on theoretical and cognitive discussions as the issue emerged. In 2011, a systematic control theory for ANSP control was proposed, addressing the gap in the governance field that lacked theoretical guidance. Since 2021, the iteration of ANSP control technologies driven by model decision-making and intelligent equipment has noticeably accelerated. Notably, extensive research was conducted from the 1991 to the 2010 on various aspects such as farmland nutrient management, drainage interception and purification, and water environment restoration. However, the visualization knowledge map analysis of the literature keywords revealed no clear clustering of governance technologies in the field, highlighting the lack of theoretical guidance during this period. Based on these findings, the evolution of ANSP control technologies in China can be divided into four stages：the emergence and understanding of ANSP issues（1970—1990）, the accumulation of ANSP occurrence theories and single control technologies（1991—2010）, the formation of systematic control ideas and the overall governance system（2011—2020）, and technological innovation driven by model decision-making and intelligent equipment（2021—present）. With the continued breakthroughs in AI, future efforts should focus on interdisciplinary research in areas such as real-time early warning and tracing of pollution risks, hierarchical decision-making for pollution control, collaborative prevention and control of multiple pollutants, and the development of autonomous decision-making“ANSP robots”. These efforts will facilitate the transformation of ANSP governance from“passive control”to“active prevention”, driving paradigm innovation of ANSP governance in China. |
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