| 黄昕然,黄增健,李江,缴锡云,郭维华,顾哲,刘凯华.基于田间原位监测的稻田排水化学需氧量动态变化及沟道调蓄削减研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(8):2023-2032. |
| 基于田间原位监测的稻田排水化学需氧量动态变化及沟道调蓄削减研究 |
| Dynamic changes of chemical oxygen demand in paddy field drainage and reduction of channel storage and storage based on in-situ field monitoring |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-26 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0184 |
| 中文关键词: 面源污染 化学需氧量 稻田 排水沟 去除率 |
| 英文关键词: non-point source pollution chemical oxygen demand paddy field drainage ditch removal rate |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划子课题（2021YFD1700803-02，D21YFD17008）；农业水资源高效利用全国重点实验室开放研究基金项目（SKLAWR- 2024-10）；国家自然科学基金项目（52209052） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 黄昕然 | 河海大学农业科学与工程学院, 南京 210098 | | | 黄增健 | 河海大学农业科学与工程学院, 南京 210098
上海浦河工程设计有限公司, 上海 200333 | | | 李江 | 河海大学农业科学与工程学院, 南京 210098
农业水资源高效利用全国重点实验室(中国农业大学), 北京 100083 | lijiang@hhu.edu.cn | | 缴锡云 | 河海大学农业科学与工程学院, 南京 210098
河海大学水灾害防御全国重点实验室, 南京 210098 | | | 郭维华 | 河海大学农业科学与工程学院, 南京 210098
河海大学水灾害防御全国重点实验室, 南京 210098 | | | 顾哲 | 河海大学农业科学与工程学院, 南京 210098
河海大学水灾害防御全国重点实验室, 南京 210098 | | | 刘凯华 | 河海大学农业科学与工程学院, 南京 210098
河海大学水灾害防御全国重点实验室, 南京 210098 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究南方水网区稻田面源化学需氧量（COD）排放特征，本研究于江苏省常州市武进区太湖湾耕读基地进行为期2 a的田间原位监测试验。基于试验数据对水稻全生育期内田沟水深、COD动态变化及其排放特征进行分析，并对沟道排水调蓄过程中COD的去除效果进行研究。结果表明：水稻返青期和分蘖期是面源污染排放的关键时期，2023年稻田、沟道承接稻田总排水量分别为4 501.0 m3·h m-2和6 754.5 m3·h m-2，此时稻田排水量和COD排放量显著增加；施肥是稻田和沟道水体COD浓度上升的主要原因，2024年施用基肥后COD浓度达46.2 mg·L-1，拔节期施肥后COD浓度最高升至81.0 mg·L-1；而降雨、灌溉、排水的交替作用使得全生育期内COD浓度呈现波动变化趋势；全生育期内稻田水COD平均浓度均大于或等于沟道水COD平均浓度；将稻田排水调蓄在沟道内并进行一段时间的消解，3次调蓄试验的COD减排量分别为1.0、0.8、2.0 kg·h m-2。研究表明，返青期和分蘖期是稻田COD排放的关键阶段，需重点关注该时期的水质管理；施肥事件会显著提高短时间内的水体COD浓度，应合理控制施肥时间和方式；沟道调蓄可有效削减14.5%~27.0%的COD负荷，是控制稻田面源污染的有效手段。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the emission characteristics of non-point chemical oxygen demand（COD）from paddy fields in the southern water network area, a two-year field in-situ monitoring experiment was conducted in the Taihu Lake Bay Cultivation and Reading Base, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Based on experimental data, this study analyzes the water depth, COD dynamic changes, and emission characteristics of paddy ditches throughout the entire growth period, and investigates the COD removal efficiency during the drainage and storage process of the ditches. The results showed that the greening and tillering stages of rice are key periods for non-point source pollution emissions. In 2023, the total drainage of paddy fields and gully connected paddy fields were 4 501.0 m3·h m-2 and 6 754.5 m3·h m-2, respectively. At this time, the drainage and COD emissions of paddy fields significantly increased; Fertilization is the main reason for the increase in COD concentration in paddy fields and ditch water bodies. After applying base fertilizer in 2024, the COD concentration reached 46.2 mg·L-1, and the highest COD concentration reached 81.0 mg·L-1 after fertilization during the jointing stage; The alternating effects of rainfall, irrigation, and drainage result in fluctuating COD concentrations throughout the entire growth period; The average concentration of COD in paddy water throughout the entire growth period is greater than or equal to the average concentration of COD in channel water; The drainage from the paddy field was stored in the ditch and digested for a period of time. The COD reduction rates from three storage experiments were 1.0, 0.8, and 2.0 kg · h m-2, respectively. Research has shown that the greening and tillering stages are critical stages for COD emissions in paddy fields, and water quality management during these periods should be given special attention; Fertilization events can significantly increase the COD concentration in water bodies in a short period of time, and the timing and method of fertilization should be reasonably controlled; Channel regulation and storage can effectively reduce COD load by 14.5% to 27.0%, and is an effective means of controlling non-point source pollution in rice fields. |
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