| 彭玉龙,芶剑渝,赵洪猛,汪玉,王慎强.遵义市植烟土壤养分空间变异特征及土壤肥力评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(8):2191-2200. |
| 遵义市植烟土壤养分空间变异特征及土壤肥力评价 |
| Spatial variation characteristics of soil nutrients for tobacco cultivation and soil fertility evaluation in Zunyi City |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-11 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0763 |
| 中文关键词: 遵义市 土壤肥力 空间异质性 综合评价 |
| 英文关键词: Zunyi City soil fertility spatial heterogeneity comprehensive evaluation |
| 基金项目:中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目（2022MX19） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了明确贵州省遵义市植烟土壤养分时空变异特征及土壤肥力特性，支撑当地烟草稳定生产，本研究采集了遵义市主要烟区11个区县共369个植烟土壤样品，测定土壤pH，有机质（SOM），全量和有效态氮、磷、钾及中微量营养元素含量等16个指标，并运用模糊数学法对遵义市植烟区进行土壤肥力适宜性综合评价。结果表明：遵义市植烟区土壤平均 pH值为 6.5，适宜烟草生长，南部pH较高，向北逐渐降低，但区域间会表现出不一致性；除绥阳县西南部、桐梓县南部高有机质含量环状分布外，其他区域均处于烟草生长适宜水平范围内。全市土壤碱解氮平均含量水平偏高，为151.9 mg·kg-1，县域间变异性较强；土壤全量及速效磷、钾元素含量均较高，能有效保证烟草的养分需求；植烟区土壤交换性钙等中量营养元素部分区域含量较低，可溶性氯含量偏高，可能会影响烟叶的燃烧性；有效态铁、铜、锌、钼和硼等中微量营养元素含量均处于适宜水平及以上，可较好地满足烟株整个生育期间的需要。进一步采用模糊数学法结合土壤pH、有机质、大量及中微量元素进行土壤肥力适宜性评价，综合评价得分为0.81，Ⅲ级以上占比 98.4%，道真县、仁怀市、务川县和正安县土壤肥力等级Ⅰ级占比远高于其他区县，分别为 52.8%、61.5%、69.4% 和54.3%，适合优质烟叶生产；从东北到西南，遵义市土壤肥力先降低后升高，空间变异性显著。研究表明，遵义市植烟区土壤总体肥力水平可满足烟草生产的需要，但为了优质烟叶的生产仍需加强对有机肥和氮肥的优化配置，同时优化土壤交换性钙、水溶性氯等中微量元素的供给，提高烟叶的产量和质量，增加烟农的生产效益。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To clarify the spatial-temporal variability characteristics of soil nutrients and soil fertility properties in the tobacco-planting areas of Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, a total of 369 tobacco-growing soil samples were collected from 11 districts and counties in Zunyi′s main tobacco-producing areas. Sixteen indicators, including soil pH, organic matter, total and available N, P, K, and medium and trace nutrient elements, were measured in this study. The fuzzy mathematics method was applied for a comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility suitability in the tobacco-planting areas of Zunyi City. The average soil pH value in Zunyi ′ s tobacco-growing areas is 6.5, suitable for tobacco growth, with higher pH levels in the south, gradually decreasing towards the north, though some regional inconsistencies were observed. Except for the ring-shaped high organic matter distribution in the southwestern part of Suiyang County and the southern part of Tongzi County, organic matter levels in other areas were within the range suitable for tobacco growth. The average content of alkaline hydrolyzable N is relatively high at 151.9 mg·kg-1, which may lead to excessive vegetative growth and late maturation, reducing the quality of tobacco leaves. The levels of total and available P and K were generally high, effectively meeting the nutrient demands of tobacco. However, the exchangeable Ca levels in certain areas were low, and the soluble Cl content was high, which may impact tobacco leaf combustibility. The available Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, and B are at suitable levels or above, meeting the needs of tobacco plants throughout their growth period. A further evaluation of soil fertility suitability was conducted using fuzzy mathematics, integrating soil pH, organic matter, and macro- and micronutrient levels. The comprehensive score was 0.81, with 98.4% of areas rated at level Ⅲ or above. Daozhen County, Renhuai City, Wuchuan County, and Zheng′ an County showed notably higher proportions of level Ⅰ soil fertility, at 52.8%, 61.5%, 69.4%, and 54.3%, respectively, indicating strong suitability for high-quality tobacco production. Soil fertility in Zunyi City shows significant spatial variability, generally decreasing from northeast to central areas and then increasing toward the southwest.However, to produce high-quality tobacco leaves, it is crucial to further optimize the application of organic and nitrogen fertilizers and enhance the availability of exchangeable Ca and soluble Cl. These improvements will help increase both yield and leaf quality, thereby boosting the production benefits for tobacco farmers. |
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