| 朱新萍,贾远彬,陈康怡,税燕,刘文祎,苟燕如,贾宏涛.覆膜连作年限对棉田土壤线虫群落结构的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(9):2313-2322. |
| 覆膜连作年限对棉田土壤线虫群落结构的影响 |
| Effects of continuous cropping with plastic film mulching on soil nematode communities structure in cotton fields |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-20 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0789 |
| 中文关键词: 覆膜连作 土壤线虫 群落结构多样性 生态指数 |
| 英文关键词: continuous cropping with plastic film mulching soil nematodes community structure diversity ecological index |
| 基金项目:北京农学院青年教师科研创新能力提升计划项目（QJKC-2023008）；新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项课题（2022B02017-1）；都市农林学新兴交叉学科平台建设项目 |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 朱新萍 | 北京农学院生物与资源环境学院, 北京 102206
农业农村部华北都市农业重点实验室, 北京 102206 | | 贾远彬 | 新疆农业大学资源与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052 | | 陈康怡 | 新疆农业大学资源与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
河北省地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质大队, 河北 唐山 063000 | | 税燕 | 北京农学院生物与资源环境学院, 北京 102206 | | 刘文祎 | 北京农学院生物与资源环境学院, 北京 102206 | | 苟燕如 | 新疆农业大学资源与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830091 | | 贾宏涛 | 新疆农业大学资源与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了揭示覆膜连作年限对农田土壤健康的影响，本研究通过对新疆玛纳斯县兰州湾镇覆膜种植年限为0、5、10、20、30 a的棉田土壤进行采样，测定其土壤理化性质，并对土壤线虫进行分离和鉴定。结果表明：随着覆膜连作年限增加，土壤pH值显著下降，土壤有机质显著上升，土壤速效钾显著降低。土壤线虫群落组成中螺旋属（Helicotylenchus）为优势属，丰度为39.31%~69.87%，土壤线虫群落主要营养类群为植物寄生类和食细菌类。荒地开垦为耕地后的前5 a，土壤中植物寄生类线虫丰度降低，之后随着覆膜连作年限的延长逐渐增加，在第30年丰度达到最高，为74.38%；而食细菌类线虫丰度变化趋势与其相反，在连作第30年达到最低，为19.90%。与未开垦的荒地（0 a）和连作5 a的土壤中螺旋属线虫的丰度相比较，连作30 a土壤中螺旋属线虫的丰度分别增加了56.98%和56.19%。线虫群落结构的主要环境影响因子是土壤速效钾、pH、土壤有机质和土壤含水量。线虫营养类群分别与土壤有机质、自由生活线虫成熟度指数（MI）和线虫通道指数（NCR）关系密切。覆膜连作措施下土壤有机质主要依靠细菌途径分解。覆膜连作强烈扰动了荒地土壤环境，在第5年对土壤线虫群落结构有显著影响，随着覆膜连作年限的增加，土壤中食物网逐渐形成，食物网结构化增强并逐渐稳定成熟。综上，土壤线虫群落结果和营养类群的变化可良好应用于长期覆膜连作对农田土壤健康的干扰性评价，将有助于更全面地了解覆膜连作措施对新疆棉区农田土壤健康的影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To reveal the effects of continuous cropping with plastic film mulching on soil nematode communities structure in cotton fields, soil samples were collected at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 years from Lanzhou Bay Town, Manas County, Xinjiang. The soil′ s physicochemical properties were analyzed, and soil nematodes were isolated and identified. The results showed that with the increasing of continuous cropping with plastic film mulching years, soil pH significantly decreased, the content of soil organic matter significantly increased, and soil available potassium content significantly decreased. Helicotylenchus was the dominant genus with 39.31% - 69.87% abundance in the composition of soil nematode communities. The main nutritional groups of soil nematode were plant parasites and bacterivores. In the first 5 years of converting wasteland into farmland, the abundance of plant parasitic nematodes in the soil decreased, and then gradually increased with the extension of continuous cropping years. The abundance of plant parasites nematodes reaches its highest point of 74.38% in the 30th year of continuous cropping years; however, bacterivorous nematodes showed an opposite trend, reaching their lowest point of 19.90% in the 30th year of continuous cropping. Compared to the abundance of Helicotylenchus nematodes in uncultivated wasteland（0 years）and soil with continuous cropping for 5 years, the abundance of Helicotylenchus nematodes in soil with continuous cropping for 30 years increased by 56.98% and 56.19%, respectively. Soil available potassium content, soil pH, soil organic matter content and soil water content were the main environmental factors affecting the composition of nematode community structure. The nutritional groups of nematodes were closely related to soil organic matter, Maturity index of free-living nematodes（MI）, and Nematode channel ratio（NCR）. Soil organic matter content was mainly decomposed through bacterial pathways. The soil environment in the wasteland was strongly disturbed by the continuous cropping measures of mulching, which had a significant impact on the community structure of soil nematodes in the fifth year. With the increase of continuous mulching years, the soil food web gradually formed, and the structured and strengthened food web gradually stabilized and matured. From the above, it could be concluded that the changes in soil nematode communities and nutritional groups could be well applied to evaluate the disturbance of long-term mulching continuous cropping measures on soil health in farmland. This study contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of mulching continuous cropping on soil health in cotton planting in Xinjiang. |
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