不同碳添加对农田土壤氮素分布、淋洗和N<sub>2</sub>O排放的影响

杨壹泽; 王田甜; 许晓媛; 焦会青; 文宏达; 李文超

文章摘要

杨壹泽,王田甜,许晓媛,焦会青,文宏达,李文超.不同碳添加对农田土壤氮素分布、淋洗和N₂O排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(10):2617-2628.

不同碳添加对农田土壤氮素分布、淋洗和N₂O排放的影响

Effects of different carbon additions on soil nitrogen distribution，leaching and N₂O emission in farmland

投稿时间：2024-12-05

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-1067

中文关键词: 秸秆还田生物炭有机肥 N₂O排放氮素淋溶

英文关键词: straw returning biochar organic fertilizer N₂O emission nitrogen leaching

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1901001-06）；河北省引进留学人员资助项目（C20230337）; 河北省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（246Z3607G）

作者	单位	E-mail
杨壹泽	河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 河北保定 071001
王田甜	河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 河北保定 071001
许晓媛	万唯原创文化传播(陕西)有限公司, 西安 710054
焦会青	河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 河北保定 071001	sxjcjhq11@163.com
文宏达	河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 河北保定 071001	wenhd@163.com
李文超	河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 河北保定 071001

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中文摘要:

为探讨不同碳添加对玉米季土壤氮素分布和损失的影响，2023年在河北省安新县开展田间试验，设置不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（NPK）、有机肥配施化肥（NPK+O）、生物炭配施化肥（NPK+B）、秸秆覆盖配施化肥（NPK+S）和秸秆旋耕配施化肥（NPK+SS）6个处理，测定不同处理玉米季土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量、铵态氮和硝态氮淋失量，以及N₂O排放通量。结果表明：土壤硝态氮含量在 0~60 cm土体中随土层深度增加逐渐下降，但在 80~100 cm土层出现累积峰，土壤铵态氮含量明显低于硝态氮。玉米成熟期NPK+SS处理0~140 cm土层无机氮的储量最高，NPK+B处理的储量最低。土壤氮素淋溶以硝态氮为主，在8月份达到淋失高峰，玉米季无机氮淋失量表现为NPK（38.40 kg·hm^-2）>NPK+S（31.05 kg·hm^-2）>NPK+B（25.11 kg·hm^-2）>NPK+SS（23.51 kg·hm^-2）>NPK+O（21.13 kg·hm^-2）>CK（12.55 kg·hm^-2）。其中，配施有机肥和秸秆旋耕还田在减少硝态氮淋失方面表现最佳，生物炭在减少铵态氮淋失方面效果最好。NPK+O、NPK+B、NPK+S和 NPK+SS处理 N₂O累积排放量均显著低于 NPK处理，其中 NPK+S、NPK+SS和NPK+B处理差异不显著，NPK+O处理N₂O排放量最低，比NPK处理减少了29.74%。研究表明，有机肥部分替代化肥、秸秆还田和添加生物炭均可以减少氮素淋失和N₂O排放，其中有机肥部分替代化肥的效果总体最优。

英文摘要:

To investigate the effects of different carbon additions on soil nitrogen distribution and loss in maize season, field experiments were conducted in Anxin County, Hebei Province in 2023. Six treatments were set up, including no fertilizer（CK）, single application of chemical fertilizer（NPK）, organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer（NPK+O）, biochar combined with chemical fertilizer（NPK+ B）, straw mulching combined with chemical fertilizer（NPK+S）and straw rotary tillage combined with chemical fertilizer（NPK+SS）. The contents of soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, the leaching loss of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, and the emission flux of N₂O in maize season were determined. The results showed that the soil nitrate nitrogen content decreased gradually with the increasing depth in 0-60 cm soil layer, but a cumulative peak appeared at 80-100 cm soil layer. The content of soil ammonium nitrogen was significantly lower than that of nitrate nitrogen. The highest storage amount of inorganic nitrogen in the 0-140 cm soil layer was observed in the NPK+SS treatment at maize mature stage, while the lowest storage amount was observed in the NPK+B treatment. Soil nitrogen leaching was mainly dominated by nitrate nitrogen, which reached the leaching peak in August. The rule of inorganic nitrogen leaching amount in maize season was NPK（38.40 kg·hm^-2）＞NPK+S（31.05 kg·hm^-2）＞NPK+B（25.11 kg·hm^-2）＞NPK+SS（23.51 kg·hm^-2）＞NPK+O （21.13 kg · hm^-2）＞CK（12.55 kg · hm^-2）. Among them, the application of organic fertilizer and straw rotary tillage performed best in reducing nitrate nitrogen leaching, and biochar was most effective in reducing ammonium nitrogen leaching. The N₂O accumulative emissions in NPK + O, NPK + B, NPK + S and NPK + SS treatments were significantly lower than that in NPK treatment. There was no significant difference among NPK+S, NPK+SS and NPK+B treatments. The lowest N₂O emission was observed in the NPK+O treatment, which was 29.74% lower than that in the NPK treatment. Overall, the partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer, straw returning and biochar addition could mitigate nitrogen leaching and N₂O emission, among which the partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer was demonstrated to be the most efficacy.

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