| 冯涛,余庆,丁紫娟,柯娜,朱杰,聂江文,朱波,蒋梦蝶,刘章勇.侧深施肥下有机肥替代减氮对再生稻田氮素损失与氮肥利用率的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(6):1600-1610. |
| 侧深施肥下有机肥替代减氮对再生稻田氮素损失与氮肥利用率的影响 |
| Effects of nitrogen reduction by organic manure substitution under side-deep fertilization on nitrogen loss and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in ratoon rice paddy field |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-29 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0824 |
| 中文关键词: 再生稻 侧深施肥 控释尿素 有机肥 氨挥发 氮肥利用率 |
| 英文关键词: ratoon rice side-deep application of fertilizer controlled-release urea organic fertilizer ammonia volatilization nitrogen use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD2301000）；湖北省自然科学基金青年项目（2024AFB299）；湖北省自然科学基金项目（2024AFA078）；石首市“先进技术集成示范基地建设与定向攻关”项目（SS202304） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究一次性侧深施控释尿素结合有机肥替代减氮对再生稻田氮素损失、氮肥利用率与产量的影响，为再生稻高效施肥技术的制定提供理论依据，于荆州市长江大学试验站进行田间小区试验，以再生稻丰两优香1号为供试品种，设置5个处理，分别为常规分次撒施普通尿素，施氮量为280 kg·hm-2（FFP）；一次性侧深施控释尿素，施氮量为280 kg·hm-2（CRU）；有机肥部分替代+一次性侧深施控释尿素，施氮量为280 kg·hm-2（OF+CRU1）；有机肥部分替代+一次性侧深施控释尿素+总施氮量减量10%，施氮量为252 kg·hm-2（OF+CRU2）；有机肥部分替代+一次性侧深施控释尿素+总施氮量减量20%，施氮量为224 kg·hm-2（OF+CRU3）。结果表明，与FFP处理相比，4个侧深施控释尿素处理（CRU、OF+CRU1、OF+CRU2和OF+CRU3）的氨挥发总量分别降低了73.18%、75.20%、78.51%和81.89%，无机氮（NH4+-N+NO3--N）渗漏损失量分别降低了57.40%、62.99%、68.40%和74.98%；与单施控释尿素处理（CRU）相比，有机肥部分替代氮肥处理（OF+CRU1、OF+CRU2和OF+CRU3）的氨挥发总量分别降低了13.11%、25.83%和41.26%，无机氮渗漏损失量分别降低了7.53%、19.85%和29.85%。与FFP处理相比，4个侧深施控释尿素处理的氮素吸收量分别提高了10.27%、37.44%、27.22%和9.10%，氮肥吸收利用率分别提高了9.3个百分点、34个百分点、32.6个百分点和21.8个百分点，氮肥农学利用率分别提高了1个百分点、5.3个百分点、7.40个百分点和4.8个百分点，氮肥偏生产力分别提高了2.22%、11.98%、24.07%和27.13%；与CRU相比，有机肥部分替代氮肥处理的氮肥吸收利用率分别提高了24.7个百分点、23.2个百分点和12.5个百分点，氮肥农学利用率分别提高了4.3个百分点、6.4个百分点和3.8个百分点，氮肥偏生产力分别提高了9.55%、21.38%和24.37%；与FFP处理相比，4个侧深施控释尿素处理的两季总产量提高了2.20%、12.00%、11.67%和1.71%，其中OF+CRU1和OF+CRU2的总产量增产效果显著，分别增产12.00%和11.67%。研究表明，侧深施控释尿素结合有机肥部分替代下减少氮肥施用量10%是实现再生稻田氮肥减量、增产增效及减少氮素损失的有效施肥措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the effects of one-time side-deep application of controlled-release urea combined with organic fertilizer substitution and nitrogen reduction on nitrogen loss, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, and yield in ratoon rice fields, and to provide a theoretical basis for formulating high-efficiency fertilization techniques for ratoon rice, a field plot experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of Yangtze University in Jingzhou City, using the ratoon rice variety Fengliangyouxiang NO.1 as the tested variety. The experiment consisted of five fertilization regimes：conventional fractional application of ordinary urea（280 kg N·hm-2）（FFP）; One-time deep application of controlled-release urea（280 kg N·hm-2）（CRU）; one-time deep application of controlled-release urea combined with organic fertilizer （280 kg N·hm-2）（OF+CRU1）; one-time deep application of controlled-release urea combined with organic fertilizer at a 10% N reduction （252 kg N·hm-2）（OF+CRU2）; one-time deep application of controlled-release urea combined with organic fertilizer at a 20% N reduction （224 kg N·hm-2）（OF+CRU3）. The results showed that, compared with FFP treatment, the total ammonia volatilization and inorganic nitrogen（NH4+ -N and NO3--N）leakage loss of the four controlled-release urea treatments. The results showed that, compared with FFP treatment, the total ammonia volatilization of the four controlled-release urea treatments（CRU, OF+CRU1, OF+CRU2 and OF+CRU3） decreased by 73.18%, 75.20%, 78.51% and 81.89%, respectively, and the leakage loss of inorganic nitrogen（NH4+-N+NO3--N) decreased by 57.40%, 62.99%, 68.40% and 74.98%, respectively. Compared with the controlled-release urea treatment（CRU) alone, the total ammonia volatilization of organic fertilizer partially replaced nitrogen fertilizer（OF+CRU1, OF+CRU2 and OF+CRU3）was reduced by 13.11%, 25.83% and 41.26%, respectively, and the inorganic nitrogen leakage loss was reduced by 7.53%, 19.85% and 29.85%, respectively. Compared with FFP treatment, the nitrogen uptake of the four controlled-release urea treatments increased by 10.27%, 37.44%, 27.22% and 9.10%, respectively, the nitrogen uptake and use efficiency increased by 9.3 percentage points, 34 percentage points, 32.6 percentage points and 21.8 percentage points, the nitrogen agronomic use efficiency increased by 1 percentage point, 5.3 percentage points, 7.40 percentage points and 4.8 percentage points, and the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 2.22%, 11.98%, 24.07% and 27.13%, respectively. Compared with CRU, the nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of organic fertilizer partially replaced nitrogen fertilizer treatment increased by 24.7 percentage points, 23.2 percentage points and 12.5 percentage points, nitrogen fertilizer agronomic use efficiency increased by 4.3 percentage points, 6.4 percentage points and 3.8 percentage points, respectively, and nitrogen partial productivity increased by 9.55%, 21.38% and 24.37%, respectively. Compared with FFP treatment, the total yield of controlled-release urea treatment on the four sides increased by 2.20%, 12.00%, 11.67% and 1.71%, and the total yield of OF+CRU1 and OF+CRU2 increased by 12.00% and 11.67%, respectively. The above results show that one-time deep application of controlled-release urea combined with organic fertilizer at a 10% N reduction was an effective fertilization measure to reduce nitrogen fertilizer quantity and nitrogen loss, increase nitrogen use efficiency and rice yield in ratoon rice paddy fields. |
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