| 周国栋,梁浩,魏翠兰,周国朋,徐昌旭,耿明建,武际,曹卫东.绿肥配合氮肥减施40%对长江中下游稻田氮素径流形态及损失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(9):2336-2346. |
| 绿肥配合氮肥减施40%对长江中下游稻田氮素径流形态及损失的影响 |
| Effects of green manure on N runoff losses of rice system under reduced 40% chemical fertilizer input in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River |
| 投稿时间：2024-10-15 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0878 |
| 中文关键词: 水稻 绿肥 径流损失 氮素形态 模型 |
| 英文关键词: rice green manure runoff losses nitrogen patterns modeling |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2024YFD1701300，2021YFD1700200）；江苏省青蓝工程优秀青年骨干教师项目（2023SZJS-001） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为准确评价稻田绿肥的环境效益，本研究采用多点联网观测的方法，研究稻田系统中绿肥配合氮肥减施对稻田氮素径流损失的影响。田间试验于江苏南京、湖北荆州、安徽池州和江西高安4个试验站展开，各点田间试验设置一致，包括4个处理：常规施肥处理（FR）、常规施肥+秸秆还田处理（FRS）、紫云英+减氮40%处理（MR）和紫云英+秸秆联合还田+减氮40%处理（MRS）。在水稻施肥当天（施肥前）及施肥后10 d内多次测定稻田田面水氮素浓度，结合水位-雨量动态观测与水平衡模型，量化分析了绿肥配合氮肥减施对长江中下游稻区氮素径流损失及其形态特征的影响。结果表明：相比于冬闲处理（FR、FRS），绿肥处理（MR、MRS）下的总氮（TN）峰值和平均浓度分别降低了11.1%~57.9%和17.1%~27.3%。模型模拟的稻田田面水高度和径流量一致性指数和模型模拟效率的范围分别为0.738~0.985和0.737~0.986，可配合田面水氮素浓度量化不同处理氮素损失量。FR、FRS、MR和MRS 处理 TN 径流损失量分别为 19.94~25.22、17.71~22.36、14.6~17.92 kg·hm-2和 13.72~16.73 kg·hm-2。相较于冬闲处理，绿肥处理下的TN径流损失量降低了22.5%~45.6%。安徽池州的减排效果最好，主要是绿肥在施肥前期对氮素径流损失的减排效果更显著。绿肥主要降低了铵态氮（NH4+-N）和可溶性有机氮（DON）的径流损失，各点的降幅范围分别为7.7%~43.4%和3.7%~39.5%，这说明绿肥主要通过降低NH4+-N和DON来降低稻田氮素径流损失。研究表明，绿肥配合化肥减施40%可显著降低稻田NH4+-N和DON的含量，从而减少了TN损失量，降低了面源污染风险，是长江中下游地区值得推广的绿色生产模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To provide a theoretical basis for accurately evaluating the environmental benefits of GM in paddy fields. In this study, we used a multi-point network observation investigate the effect of GM combined with reduced N fertilizer on N runoff loss in paddy fields. This research aims to Field experiments were conducted at four experimental stations in Nanjing（Jiangsu Province）, Jingzhou（Hubei Province）, Chizhou（Anhui Province）, and Gaoan（Jiangxi Province）. The experiment consistently included four treatments at each site：winter fallow with conventional fertilization（FR）, winter fallow with conventional fertilization and straw return（FRS）, winter milk vetch and rice with 40% N reduction（MR）, winter milk vetch and rice with 40% N reduction and straw return（MRS）. The N concentration in ponding water of the paddy fields was measured multiple times on the day of fertilization（before fertilization）and within 10 days after fertilization. Combined the rainfall-water table measurement with the water balance model of paddy fields, we analyzed the effects of GM combined with reduced N fertilizer on N runoff loss and its morphological characteristics in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The results showed that the peak and average total N（TN）concentrations under GM treatments（MR, MRS）were reduced by 11.1% - 57.9% and 17.1% - 27.3%, respectively, compared to conventional treatments（FR, FRS）The model-simulated rice field ponding water depth and runoff consistency indices ranged from 0.738-0.985 and model simulation efficiencies ranged from 0.737-0.986, indicating the model′ s reliability in quantifying N loss from different treatments. The TN runoff loss from the FR, FRS, MR, and MRS treatments ranged from 19.94-25.22, 17.71-22.36, 14.60-17.92 kg · hm-2, and 13.72-16.73 kg · hm-2, respectively. Compared to conventional treatments, GM treatments reduced TN runoff loss by 22.5%-45.6%. The most significant reduction was observed in Chizhou, Anhui Province, where GM had a more pronounced effect on N runoff loss before fertilization. GM mainly reduced the runoff loss of ammonium N（NH4+-N）and dissolved organic N（DON）, with reductions rate of 7.7%-43.4% and 3.7%-39.5%, respectively, indicating that GM effectively reduced N runoff loss primarily by decreasing NH4+-N and DON. In conclusion, GM combined with a 40% reduction in chemical fertilizers can significantly reduce the content of NH +4-N and DON in paddy fields, thereby decreasing the amount of total N（TN）loss and the risk of ponding water pollution. This green production model is worth promoting in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. |
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