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| Pollution Characteristics of Antibiotics and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Genes in Wangyanggou River, Shijiazhuang, China |
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| KeyWord:Wangyanggou River; antibiotics; antibiotic-resistant bacteria; antibiotic-resistant genes; real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（qPCR） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | XU Yan | Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | ZHANG Yuan | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | GUO Chang-sheng | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | WANG Hong-mei | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | WANG Ding-ming | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | WANG Kai | Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | LI Xiao-chen | Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, China | | XU Jian | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China |
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| Abstract: |
| Extensive uses of antibiotics have promoted development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes in the environment. In this study, high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS）, plate counting, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（qPCR） were respectively applied to analyze the level of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes in surface water, groundwater and sediment samples from Wangyanggou River. The total concentration of tetracyclines was higher than that of sulfonamides. The concentrations of three tetracyclines（tetracycline, oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline） and six sulfonamides（sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfadimidine, sulfachinoxaline, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim） ranged from 5.81×101 to 3.87×105 ng·L-1 and 1.02×101 to 5.37×103 ng·L-1 in water, and from 4.28×101 to 1.63×105 ng·g-1 and 1.18×101 to 1.68×104 ng·g-1 in sediments, respectively. The number of tetracycline and sulfonamide resistant bacteria in water was 4.00×101 to 2.13×104 CFU·mL-1 and 6.67×101 to 7.34×105 CFU·mL-1, respectively, 3 to 4 orders of magnitude lower than that in sediments. The abundance of five tetracycline resistant genes（tetA, tetB, tetE, tetW and tetZ）, two sulfonamide（sul1and sul2） resistant genes and two integron genes（int1, int2） detected was relatively high in all samples. The genes, tetA and sul1, were dominant resistant genes with relative abundance greater than 1.58×10-2 in Wangyanggou River. Principal component analysis indicated that the abundance of antibiotic-resistant genes might be affected by different pollution sources and water quality characteristics. The phylogenetic analysis of tet（B） showed that water quality change resulted in diverse resistant strains. The current results indicate that pollution of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant genes in Wangyanggou River is more severe than in other rivers. |
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