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| Effects of Different Management Practices on Nitrogen Runoff Losses from Sloping Yellow Soil |
| Received:March 06, 2014 |
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| KeyWord:sloping farmland;runoff;nitrogen losses;management practices;yellow soil |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | FAN Cheng-wu | Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guiyang 550006, China | | | LUO Yi | Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China | | | WANG Wen-hua | Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guiyang 550006, China | | | ZHANG Bang-xi | Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guiyang 550006, China | | | QIN Song | Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guiyang 550006, China
Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agriculture Environment(Guizhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang 550006, China | qs3761735@163.com | | CAI Jing-hang | Guiyang Station of Soil and Fertilizer, Guiyang 550081, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Runoff losses of nutrients from soils have aggravated water environmental pollution. A long-term experiment with maize-rape rotation was conducted on sloping farming land of yellow soil in Central Guizhou Province from 2008 to 2012. The effects of six management practices on runoff and nitrogen runoff losses were examined. The average runoff coefficient was 18.1% with a range of 15.1%~20.1%. The coefficient of total nitrogen losses ranged from 0.81%~1.34%, with an average of 0.99%. The percentage of particulate N of total nitrogen losses from runoff was the highest(46.9%). Nitrate-N was the dominate form of total dissolved nitrogen with a 31.1% of total nitrogen loss. The best management practice(optimized fertilization+contour cultivation+straw mulch+contour hedgerow) could reduce total nitrogen losses effectively, resulting in 25% less runoff than CK. The total nitrogen runoff losses(4.63 kg·hm-2) and loss coefficient (0.81%) were both the lowest under this practice. Under conventional down the slope tillage, the runoff from optimized fertilization was almost the same as that from the conventional fertilization, but the former reduced total nitrogen runoff losses by 23.2%. Under optimized fertilization, the runoff and total nitrogen losses decreased by 6.7% and 7.3% respectively in contour cultivation, compared with conventional down the slope tillage. For the practice with optimized fertilization+contour cultivation, the runoff and total nitrogen losses decreased respectively by 4.8% and 3.4% in straw mulch as compared with no straw mulch. Under straw mulch+contour hedgerow, the runoff and total nitrogen losses were respectively 11.6% and 6.7% lower than those under straw mulch alone. Together, the present results suggest that optimized fertilization+contour cultivation+straw mulch+contour hedgerow would be effective management practice for reducing runoff and nitrogen losses in sloping farming land of yellow soil. |
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