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| Co-selection mechanisms of bacterial resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics |
| Received:October 13, 2015 |
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| KeyWord:antibiotic resistance;heavy-metal resistance;co-selection resistance;co-selection resistance mechanism |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHANG Jia-qi | College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China | | | XU Yan | College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China | | | LUO Yi | College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China | | | MAO Da-qing | College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China | mao@tju.edu.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| Excessive uses of antibiotics and increasingly serious pollution of heavy metals are continuously contributing to the emergence, persistence and transmission of antibiotic resistant genes(ARGs) in the environment. This paper summarized the latest research on antibiotic resistance and heavy metals resistance, and illustrated pollution status of ARGs and heavy-metal resistance genes and its coincidence mechanisms in bacteria in various environment. Bacteria were resistant not only to heavy metals, but also to multiple antibiotics in heavy-metal contaminated environment. Heavy-metal stresses caused elevated abundance of ARGs in natural rivers, sewage plants and livestock farms. Under heavy metal stresses, bacteria obtained antibiotic resistance through(a) co-resistance mechanism, i.e. antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance genes located on a same vector such as plasmids, integrons, and transposons;(b) cross-resistance mechanism such as efflux pumps taking effect when stimulated by heavy metals;(c)co-regulation mechanism, which relies on a two-component system and takes effect when stimulated by heavy metals. Finally, heavy metal stresses in the environment were promoting bacteria to obtain antibiotic resistance and to propagate ARGs among and in bacterial community. Nowadays, human beings are facing not only a serious pollution of antibiotics and heavy metals but a challenge of ARGs pollution. |
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