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| Effects of ionic surfactants on spinach growth and soil enzyme activities |
| Received:January 23, 2016 |
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| KeyWord:biomass;antioxidant enzyme;soil enzyme;ionic surfactant |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | QI Xing-chao | National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China | | | LIU Yan-li | National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China | | | JIAO An-hao | Shandong Agricultural University Fertilizer Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Taian 271000, China | | | JIA Ji-wen | National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China | | | ZHANG Min | National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China | | | LI Cheng-liang | National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China | chengliang_li11@163.com |
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| Abstract: |
| Ionic surfactants may pose risks to plants and soil microbes after entering soil. Here cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) were used to investigate their effects on spinach biomass, and leaf antioxidant enzyme and soil enzyme activities in pot experiment. Results indicated that both CTAB and SDS promoted spinach growth at lower concentrations but showed inhibition at higher rates. The thresholds for the inhibitory effect of CTAB and SDS on spinach growth were 500 mg·kg-1 and 1000 mg·kg-1, respectively. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity depended on the surfactant concentrations. As CTAB concentration increased, the activity of SOD increased gradually and then decreased noticeably. However, the activity of SOD did not differ from the control at SDS less than 750 mg·kg-1, but decreased significantly at higher concentrations. Basically, CTAB and SDS inhibited catalase(CAT) activity. The activity of peroxidase(POD) was suppressed by CTAB or SDS under most cases. Besides, the activities of soil dehydrogenase, urease, sucrose, and neutral phosphatase were almost reduced or restrained by CTAB. However, SDS had the different effects on these enzymes. It promoted soil dehydrogenase and surcase activities, but inhibited soil urease and neutral phosphatase. Generally, both CTAB and SDS showed certain of toxicity to soil ecology, with CTAB being more harmful than SDS. These results would provide some references for assessing and managing the soil ecological security of ionic surfactants. |
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