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| Enrichment characteristic and risk assessment of heavy metals in wheat and rice organs under mushroom residue or swine manure recycling |
| Received:September 04, 2016 |
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| KeyWord:mushroom residue;swine manure;heavy metal;enrichment characteristic;risk assessment |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHOU Wei | College of Resources, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China | | | DENG Liang-ji | College of Resources, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China | auh6@sicau.edu.cn | | JIA Fan-fan | College of Resources, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China | | | LI Han | College of Resources, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Mushroom residue(MR) and swine manure(SM) not only provide redundant nutrient substance for crops growth, but also bring pollution risks of some heavy metals for crops. In this study, the experiment with eight treatments, including CK(blank control, no fertilizer), CF(conventional fertilizer), M1(25% N from MR), M2(50% N from MR), M3(75% N from MR), S1(25% N from SM), S2(50% N from SM) and S3(75% N from SM) was conducted in Qiquan of the Chengdu Plain. The concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn in root, straw(stem and leaf) and grain were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Bioconcentration factor, potential ecological risk and health risk index were used to evaluate the enrichment characteristics and pollution statuses of crop organs under different treatments. The results showed that Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations in root, straw and grain for all treatments reduced in sequence. And heavy metal concentrations in organs were Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd, but bioconcentration factors showed Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb. Their concentrations in organs of crop were more under SM than under MR as the same urea substitute, and demonstrated increase trends with increasing the rates of the two organic materials. And heavy metal concentrations and bioconcentration factors in organs of crop under all treatments were in the low risk level. Among these treatments, the concentrations and bioconcentration factors in organs of crop under S3 treatment had the highest risk. The risk indices in organs of crop under treatments showed S3 > S2 > S1 > CF > M3 > M2 > M1. Generally, the fertilizer schedules of 25%~50% N from MR(P>0.05) had lower heavy metal risk than the other treatments. |
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