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| Influence of commonly used pesticides on acute toxicity to earthworm Eisenia fetida and alteration of antioxidant enzyme activities |
| Received:August 23, 2016 |
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| KeyWord:pesticides;soil;earthworm;acute toxicity;antioxidant system |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | JIANG Jin-lin | Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China | | | SHAN Zheng-jun | Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China | szj@nies.org | | ZHOU Jun-ying | Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China | | | BU Yuan-qing | Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China | | | TIAN Feng | Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| In the present study, the acute toxicities of 11 commonly used pesticide technicals(imidacloprid, thiacloprid, avermectin, beta-cypermethrin, pymtrozine, buprofezin, chlorpyrifos, carbofuran glyphosate, atrazine and paraquat) and other 9 related pesticide formulations on Eisenia fetida were determined by using artificial soil test method. In addition, the several anti-oxidant enzymes(GST, CAT, and T-SOD) activities and MDA contents in Eisenia fetida were also determined after 14-d exposure to imidacloprid, thiacloprid and avermectin to evaluate the oxidative stress induced by pesticides in earthworm. The results show that the acute toxicity order of test pesticides technicals to Eisenia fetida was:imidacloprid > thiacloprid > carbofuran > chlorpyrifos > atrazine > avermectin > glyphosate > pymtrozine > buprofezin > beta-cypermethrin and paraquat. According to the Guidelines of Environmental Safety Evaluation for Chemical Pesticides, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and carbofuran were classified as medium toxic grade to Eisenia fetida under laboratory conditions by using artificial soil test method, while the other 8 pesticides were classified as low toxic grade to Eisenia fetida. The results of the acute toxicities of the pesticide formulations to Eisenia fetida showed that most of the formulations increased the toxicity to Eisenia fetida as compared to their corresponding active ingredients. Besides, the results of physiological and biochemical tests show that the CAT activity in Eisenia fetida was significantly inhibited by exposure to thiacloprid at 0.1 mg a.i.·kg-1 soil, while the T-SOD activity in Eisenia fetida was significantly induced by exposure to thiacloprid at the same dose level. The GST activity was significantly induced in Eisenia fetida by exposure to avermectin at 0.25 mg a.i.·kg-1 soil. The MDA content in Eisenia fetida was significantly changed by exposure to avermectin, imidacloprid and thiacloprid at 0.5, 0.1, and 0.5 mg a.i.·kg-1, respectively. These results imply that the frequent application of pesticides might have adverse effects on the soil organisms and therefore may disturb the normal ecological function of soil. |
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