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| Study on estrogen pollution characteristics of rivers around typical livestock and poultry farms in Shanghai |
| Received:March 10, 2017 |
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| KeyWord:estrogen;SPE-HPLC-MS/MS;livestock and poultry farms;river pollution;estradiol equivalent |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | YUAN Zhe-jun | College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China | | | ZHANG Hong-chang | Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China | | | HU Shuang-qing | Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China | | | SHEN Gen-xiang | Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China | shengx@saes.sh.cn | | QIAN Xiao-yong | Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China | | | WANG Zhen-qi | Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China | | | ZHU Ying | Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China | | | ZHANG Yu | College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to investigate the pollution characteristics of estrogenic substances in the rivers around livestock and poultry farms, The types and content of estrogen in the upstream and downstream surface water of river around three typical livestock and poultry farms(swine farm, chicken farm, dairy farms) in Shanghai were measured by solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE-HPLC-MS/MS). The results showed that the natural estrogens E1(Estrone), E2(17β-estradiol) and E3(Estriol) were detected in all sites. Concentrations ranged from 21.66 to 73.40 ng·L-1 for E1, from 8.75 to 55.96 ng·L-1 for E2, and from 4.56 to 23.90 ng·L-1 for E3. The rate of detection of EE2(17β-ethinylestradiol) was 99.44% and the concentrations ranged from not detected(ND) to 19.42 ng·L-1. The rate of detection of DES(Diethylstilbestrol) was 27.78% and the concentrations ranged from ND to 3.23 ng·L-1. The estrogenic activity was evaluated by using EEQ(estradiol equivalent quotient). The concentrations of EEQ ranged from 54.15 to 194.61 ng·L-1 in the studied rivers, of which the contribution rate of EE2 was the highest. In conclusion, our results showed that the rivers around the three typical livestock and poultry farms were subject to different levels of estrogen pollution, and the estrogen activity was higher in the rivers around the swine farm and dairy farm than chicken farm. The typical swine farm was a main source of E1 and E2, and the typical dairy farm was a main source of E2, while typical chicken farm produced less estrogenic contamination to the surrounding river. |
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