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| The practice of technologies for nitrogen emission reduction and efficiency increase in intensive farmland of Tai Lake region |
| Received:October 15, 2018 Revised:October 30, 2018 |
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| KeyWord:rice;vegetable;leaching;runoff;NH3 volatilization;economic benefit;control of non-point source pollution |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | MIN Ju | State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China | | | SUN Hai-jun | Nanjing Forestry University, Collage of Forestry, Nanjing 210037, China | | | CHEN Gui | Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiaxing 314016, China | | | JIANG Zhen-cui | State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China | | | LU Kou-ping | Zhejiang A & F University, School of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Lin′an 311300, China | | | JI Rong-ting | State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China | | | SHI Wei-ming | State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China | wmshi@issas.ac.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| In Tai Lake region, we conducted serial experiments to evaluate the efficiencies of following technologies including plantation of rice with high NUE, incorporation of biochar, optimization the rotation system with nitrogen fixing crops, and mechanical ridging and sidestrip fertilization in vegetable fields, to improve nitrogen use efficiency and mitigate nitrogen losses to the water and atmosphere. Especially, we optimized the related technical parameters and clarified the efficiencies of each technology. The results suggested that:High nitrogen use efficiency (high-NUE)rice cultivars produced 17.4%~27.3% (21.3% on average)less amounts of NH3 volatilization from paddy field, 6.08%~44.0% (25.3% on average)less N losses by soil leaching, and 9.18%~28.7% less N losses through runoff on a yield-scaled basis than the conventional cultivar. Compared with urea input alone, application of biochar pyrolyzed under a relative low temperature (500℃) and at a relative low rate (0.5% wt)can guarantee rice grain yield and significantly reduced (P<0.05)the runoff N losses by 13.9%~22.1%, without increases of yield-scale NH3 losses. Optimization the vegetable rotation system with nitrogen fixing crop california bur clover (Medicago hispida Gaertn L.)reduced annual total N leaching losses by approximately 40.0% and increase the economic benefit by approximately by 29.0%. The appropriate width of ridge is 55 cm for mechanical ridging in cabbage plantation. Strip fertilization reduced about 30% N fertilizer, which saving the cost and increasing the efficiency by 58.3%. Moreover, this technology mitigated the NH3 volatilization by more than 50%. The practices of aforementioned technologies in intensive farmland effectively promote the China national strategy of "Zero growth of chemical fertilizer use" and the control of non-point source pollution in Tai Lake region. |
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