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| Principal component analyses and geostatistical analyses to estimate source apportionment of heavy metal (loids)in tobacco-growing soils in the Southwest region of China |
| Received:October 27, 2019 |
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| KeyWord:heavy metal (loids);source identification;multivariate statistics;geo-statistics;tobacco-growing soil |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | WU Hai-wen | Water Resources and Electric Power, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625000, China
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | | LUO Ting | Water Resources and Electric Power, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625000, China | tingluo02@aliyun.com | | MA Jin | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | majin@craes.org.cn | | HUANG Cheng-yi | Electrical and Mechanical college, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625000, China | | | LI Wei-bo | Water Resources and Electric Power, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625000, China | | | CHEN Jun-pu | Water Resources and Electric Power, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625000, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| To qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and contributions of heavy metal (loids)in tobacco-growing soil in the Southwest region, 256 topsoil samples were collected and mathematical methods[correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and positive matrix factorization (PMF)] were used to analyze the sources of Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn; previously obtained results were verified by geostatistical methods. The results showed the following. The average contents of Hg, Pb, Ni, and Zn (0.19, 41.99, 38.43, and 106.66 mg·kg-1, respectively)in tobacco-growing soils were lower than their risk screening values (1.8, 90.0, 70.0, and 200.0 mg·kg-1, respectively). For Cd, the average concentration (0.66 mg·kg-1)was equal to the local background value (0.66 mg·kg-1)but exceeded the risk screening value (0.30 mg·kg-1). The variable coefficients of Cd and Hg (81.21%, 84.21%)were big, clearly indicating the accumulation of these metals. The three main sources of the metals were parent materials (Cd), transportation (Pb, Zn, and Ni), and industrial sources (Hg). PC1 metals (Pb, Ni, and Zn)were mainly accumulated in the east of the study area, which had a high volume of traffic; the PC2 metal (Cd)was distributed uniformly, and the PC3 metal (Hg)was accumulated mainly in the northeast and southeast of the study area, which have a high concentration of industry and mining operations. The degree of overall pollution of the heavy metal (loids)in tobacco-growing soils was negligible; however, it was necessary to take appropriate measures to control the risk of Hg and Cd contamination. The systematic combination of GIS with multivariate statistical analysis proved to be an efficient method for determining the anthropogenic and natural sources of heavy metal (loids). |
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