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| Changes in ecosystem services in Baiyangdian Lake driven by environmental flow releases |
| Received:March 04, 2020 |
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| KeyWord:environmental flow;ecosystem services;InVEST;change trend;Baiyangdian Lake |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | YANG Wei | State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China | | SUN Li-xin | State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China | | WANG Xuan | State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China | | YAN Sheng-jun | State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China | | ZHAO Yan-wei | State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China |
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| Abstract: |
| Environmental flow releases to Baiyangdian Lake have been implemented nearly 50 times by the Ministry of Water Resources and the local government of Hebei Province, which play a critical role in maintaining water levels, protecting the ecological space, and restoring ecosystem function. In order to further reveal the effects of environmental flow releases on the ecosystem services and function of the lake, we assessed the carbon density, habitat quality, material production, and cultural services using the InVEST model and market value method based on four remote sensing data sets from 1991, 1996, 2005, and 2015 for Baiyangdian Lake. The area ratios of reed, grassland, and open water showed a 20% decrease, in which there was a clear reduction in the deep water area. The average score of the habitat quality was reduced from 0.63 in 1991 to 0.49 in 2015. From 1991 to 2005, the average carbon density was stable at a level of approximately 32.33 t·hm-2, but decreased to 30.23 t·hm-2 until 2015, which was associated with the reduction in reed and grassland area. The material production and cultural function presented clear increases over time. The average score of the total ecosystem services was 0.81 in the 1990s, increased to 0.93 in 2005, and then decreased to 0.79 in 2015. Thus, we found that environmental flow releases have maintained the ecosystem services to some degree, but the fragmentation in the highest score region has been more apparent. In the future, it is necessary to disclose the dynamic response of ecosystem services to the flow releases and to develop the trade-off relationships among the services for supporting ecological water conservancy management decisions. |
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