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| Single and combined effects of microplastics and cadmium on the germination characteristics of rice seeds |
| Received:May 17, 2020 |
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| KeyWord:microplastics;cadmium;combined effects;rice;seed germination;growth characteristics |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | WANG Ze-zheng | College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570100, China | | | YANG Liang | College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570100, China | | | LI Jie | College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570100, China | | | FU Dong-dong | College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570100, China | | | HU Wei-wei | Pujin Environmental Engineering(Hainan) Co. Ltd, Haikou 570105, China | | | FAN Zheng-quan | College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570100, China | | | PENG Li-cheng | College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570100, China | penglicheng920@163.com |
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| Abstract: |
| To better understand the effects of heavy metals and microplastics(MPs)on the growth characteristics of crop seeds, in this study, we investigated the single and combined effects of microplastics, including polystyrene(mPS)and polyethylene terephthalate (mPET)(100, 300, 500, 1 000 mg·L-1, and 1 500 mg·L-1)and the heavy metal Cd(2, 5, 10 mg·L-1, and 50 mg·L-1)on germination and growth of rice(Oryza sativa L.)seeds. The results showed that single effect of Cd at a low concentration promoted rice seed germination but inhibited it at a high concentration. With the increase in Cd concentration, a more severe inhibition was observed in the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vigor index, root length, and bud length of the rice seeds. Furthermore, a low concentration(100 mg·L-1)of MPs promoted germination while a medium concentration(500 mg·L-1)inhibited germination. However, a high concentration (>1 000 mg·L-1)had no effects on seed germination. Both mPS and mPET promoted the vigor index, root length, and bud length of rice seeds. The results of combined effects of MPs(100 mg·L-1 and 500 mg·L-1)and Cd(2 mg·L-1 and 10 mg·L-1)showed that low concentration of MPs(100 mg·L-1)and Cd(2 mg·L-1)had synergistic effects on seed germination, while the other combinations had antagonistic effects on germination. Although combined low concentration of MPs(100 mg·L-1)and Cd had synergistic effects on the bud and root growth of rice seeds, low concentration of MPs(100 mg·L-1)combined with a high concentration of Cd(10 mg·L-1)had antagonistic effects on the root growth. However, high concentrations of MPs combined with high concentrations of Cd did not affect the root and bud growth of rice seeds. Our results indicated that, compared with single effect, combined effects of MPs and Cd on the growth characteristics, root length, and bud length of rice seeds were generally antagonistic, which reduced their toxic effects as a single pollutant. |
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