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| Research progress on the response of DNA MMR system to cadmium stress in higher plants |
| Received:October 02, 2020 |
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| KeyWord:Cd stress;DNA mismatch repair(MMR) ;plants;DNA lesions;cell cycle arrest |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | WANG He-tong | College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China | | | JIA Chun-yun | Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China | | | ZHANG Yan-zhao | Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471022, China | | | ZHAO Qiang | Agronomy College, Heilongjia Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China | | | LI Xiao-jun | Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China | | | GONG Zong-qiang | Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China | | | LIU Wan | Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China | liuwan63@hotmail.com |
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| Abstract: |
| Cadmium(Cd) is one of the heavy metal pollutants with the most severe toxicity to bodies of water and agricultural soil in China. Various DNA lesions occur in plant cells under Cd stress, such as mismatched bases, DNA single/double strand breaks, and methylation. These DNA lesions rapidly induce DNA damage response(DDR) signaling, such as ataxia-telangiectasia mutated(ATM), ATM and RAD3-related(ATR), and their downstream signal pathway, including cell cycle arrest, endoreplication, cell death, and recruitment of DNA repair pathways, such as homologous repair(HR) and DNA mismatch repair(MMR) systems. In the DNA MMR system of plant cells, the heterodimeric complexes, including MutSα(MSH2/MSH6), MutSβ(MSH2/MSH3), MutSγ(MSH2/MSH7), and MutLα(MLH1/PMS1), can interact with key enzymes(e.g., proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), DNA replication factor C(RFC), exonuclease 1(EXO1), single-strand binding protein(RPA), flap endonuclease 1(FEN1), DNA polymerase delta(δ), and DNA ligase), participating in the DNA MMR system in order. The above-mentioned processes can initiate the DNA MMR response, which plays important roles in sensing DNA lesions, coping with DNA damage, activating the cell cycle checkpoints, maintaining genomic DNA stability, DNA replication fidelity, etc. However, plant cells with a MutS knockout(KO) override the cell cycle arrest regulated by the DNA MMR system, which can severely affect plant tolerance to Cd. In this review, we emphatically illustrate how the plant DNA MMR system works in a Cd-induced DDR and how multiple epigenetic factors regulate the DNA MMR system under Cd stress. |
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