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| Composition and distribution of microplastics in farmland soil around Shenyang |
| Received:January 04, 2021 |
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| KeyWord:composition of microplastics;distribution of microplastics;farmland soil;Shenyang City |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | SHI Xinzhu | Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration of Regional Polluted Environment, School of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China | | | SUN Lina | Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration of Regional Polluted Environment, School of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China | 3476424392@qq.com | | LI Zhen | Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration of Regional Polluted Environment, School of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China | | | Lü Lianghe | Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration of Regional Polluted Environment, School of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| In recent years, microplastics have emerged as a new type of pollutant contaminating the global environment; however, their composition and distribution characteristics within soil are rarely studied. In this study, we examined soil on farmland surrounding Shenyang City, which was collected from 23 sampling points. In total, we collected 84 soil samples, which were subjected to density separation flotation to extract soil microplastics. Optical microscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were performed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the soil microplastics and determine the micromorphology, composition and spatial distribution characteristics of these plastics in the soil of farmland surrounding Shenyang. The results revealed that the physical properties of microplastics in the study area soil can be divided into film-like, fragmentary, fibrous, and granular types. The concentrations of microplastics in soil ranged from 217.30 μg·g-1 to 2 512.18 μg·g-1, with an average value of 1 327.69 μg·g-1. Polyethylene microplastics were found to be the most prevalent, with an average concentration of 760.03 μg·g-1, followed by polypropylene and polystyrene, with average concentrations of 374.07 μg·g-1 and 193.59 μg·g-1, respectively. Spatially, average concentrations of microplastics in the soil were as follows： western soil（1 569.59 μg·g-1） >eastern soil（1 320.28 μg·g-1） >northern soil（1 217.56 μg·g-1） >southern soil（1 208.85 μg·g-1）.The concentration of soil microplastics decreased from 998.76 μg·g-1 in surface soil（0~5 cm）to 193.00 μg·g-1 in deep soil（20~30 cm）. The soil microplastics concentration was significantly affected by different planting patterns. The greenhouse soil microplastics concentration was higher with an average value of 1 439.56 μg·g-1 and the soil microplastics concentration was 1 187.76 μg·g-1.The higher contents of microplastics in soil under greenhouse planting patterns of lettuce, grape, and cucumber and ground mulched corn is related to the longer time of mulching and mulching in the soil of facility agriculture, as well as the influence of plastic film on the recovery of the roots of these plants. In conclusion, the main types of MPs in the farmland soils surrounding Shenyang City were PE microplastics (polyethylene), PP microplastics (polypropylene) and PS microplastics (polystyrene), and the soil MPs concentration decreased significantly from surface to underground. |
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