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| Effects of planting patterns on ammonia volatilization and nitrogen and phosphorus loss in paddy fields |
| Received:December 23, 2020 |
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| KeyWord:rice;one-time deep fertilization by machine transplantation;ammonia volatilization;nitrogen and phosphorus loss |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | YANG Zhenyu | College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory of Soil and Resources Efficient Utilization, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition in Common University, Changsha 410128, China | | | LUO Gongwen | College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory of Soil and Resources Efficient Utilization, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition in Common University, Changsha 410128, China | | | ZHAO Hang | College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory of Soil and Resources Efficient Utilization, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition in Common University, Changsha 410128, China | | | HU Wang | College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory of Soil and Resources Efficient Utilization, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition in Common University, Changsha 410128, China | | | WANG Yizhe | College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory of Soil and Resources Efficient Utilization, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition in Common University, Changsha 410128, China | | | ZHANG Hanfeng | College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory of Soil and Resources Efficient Utilization, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition in Common University, Changsha 410128, China | | | ZHANG Yuping | College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory of Soil and Resources Efficient Utilization, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition in Common University, Changsha 410128, China | zhyp2003@126.com |
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| Abstract: |
| The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of different planting patterns on ammonia volatilization of rice fields, dynamic change in N and P concentrations of field water, and the nutrient content at different soil depths. This study aimes to provide a theoretical basis for the technical application and promotion of precision mechanized one-time fertilization and non-point source pollution prevention in the Dongting Lake double-cropping rice area. Three treatments, including farmer habit + direct seeding（T1）, controlled-release urea to reduce N by 10% + direct seeding（T2）, and machine transplanting one-time fertilization to reduce N by 10%（T3）were studied based on the field test method. The experiment monitored the ammonia volatilizes of the base fertilizer period and detected the content of different N and P forms in the field surface water after fertilization. Additionally, soil physicochemical properties at depths of 0~ 20 cm and 20~40 cm were measured and the total yield was analyzed. The NH4+-N concentration, ammonia volatilization amount, and total N and total P content of field water in the T3 treatment were decreased by 46.04%, 18.62%, 53.55%, and 30.23%, respectively, compared to the T1 treatment. These variables in the T2 treatment were decreased by 27.03%, 15.61%, 22.96%, and 11.63%, respectively, compared to the T1 treatment. The T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased the content of organic carbon, total N, total P, alkali hydrolyzable N, and available P in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soils compared to the T1 treatment and increased rice yield by 6.63% and 5.98%, respectively. The two management practices（T2 and T3）effectively decreased the ammonia volatilization in rice fields, and total N and total P content of rice field water, and increased the content of organic carbon, soil total N, total P, alkali hydrolyzable N, and available P in the 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soils compared to the T1 treatment. The advantages of the T3 treatment for reducing N are prominent, shown by its better ability to reduce N and P losses and improve soil fertility and productivity. |
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