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| Toxicity differences of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to soil-dwelling springtail(Folsomia candida) |
| Received:March 14, 2021 |
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| KeyWord:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons;toxicity difference;Folsomia candida;soil type;ecotoxicity |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHANG Jiale | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710000, China | | | ZHAO Long | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | zhaolong1227@126.com | | GUO Junkang | School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710000, China | junkangguo@sust.edu.cn | | HOU Hong | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | | LIN Xianglong | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | | WANG Weiran | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China | | | LIU Lingling | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| This study sought to understand the extent and way in which the ring number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) impacted their toxicity to invertebrates and compare these varying toxicities in different soil types. In this context, filter paper contact exposure experiments were carried out along with soil and food evaluation to analyze and compare the acute and chronic toxicities of three PAHs (i.e., phenanthrene[Phe], pyrene[Pyr], and benzopyrene[BaP]) to a model organism(i.e., Folsomia candida). The results of the filter paper experiments showed that following exposure to different concentrations of Phe and Pyr for 3 and 7 d, Phe and Pyr solution-soaked filter papers showed a clearer death phenomenon in the springtails than BaP-soaked filter paper. In the soil exposure experiments, the impact of Phe on the survival and reproduction of springtail in soil Jiangxi red soil(red soil) and Heilongjiang black soil(black soil) was greater than that of BaP. Based on the reproduction rate and half effective concentration(EC50) derived from the measured values of extractable PAHs, the toxicity thresholds of Phe in red and black soils were 5 and 10 times higher than that of BaP, respectively. The toxicity threshold of Pyr in red and black soils was 10 times higher than that of BaP. In the food exposure experiments, all three PAHs treatments of springtail adults did not cause apparent death. The 28 d EC50 values for springtail reproduction were 278 mg·kg-11(186~336 mg·kg-1) for Phe and 363 mg·kg-11(298~427 mg·kg-1) for Pyr. These results indicate that Phe and Pyr are more toxic to springtail in terms of survival and reproduction, whereas BaP has a relatively lower toxicity. Based on the testing exposure concentrations, PAHs in various soil types significantly differ in terms of their toxicity to springtails. The toxicity of PAHs to springtails in red soil is three-fold higher than that in black soil, which demonstrates that physicochemical properties have a substantial influence on the ecological toxicity of PAHs. Therefore, the influence of the physico-chemical properties should be given due consideration when evaluating the toxicity of PAHs in the future. |
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