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| Effects of different types of fertilizer on sunflower growth and soil nitrogen distribution in subsurface farmland |
| Received:July 24, 2021 |
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| KeyWord:subsurface drainage;crop growth;controlled release fertilizer;nitrogen;sunflower |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | QI Qian | College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China | | | SHI Haibin | College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China | | | YAN Jianwen | College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China | baotouyan13579@163.com | | LI Xianyue | College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China | | | GAO Xiaoyu | College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China | | | FAN Liquan | College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China | | | HAO Yunfeng | Bayannur Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Bayannur 015400, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| To clarify the effects of various fertilizers on crop growth and soil nitrogen environment under subsurface drainage conditions and determine the reasonable fertilization mode suitable for saline subsurface drainage farmland, under the condition of 225 kg·hm-2 pure nitrogen application, a field experiment with three fertilizer treatments was conducted. These treatments included common urea fertilizer (CK), controlled-release fertilizer(CF) and silicone water-soluble slow-release fertilizer(OF), and the sunflower growth, yield, and nitrogen usage efficiency, as well as the nitrogen content in soil and drainage were measured. The results showed that the plant height, leaf area index, photosynthetic rate and crop yield in CF and OF were greater than that in CK during the growing period. The yield in CF increased most significantly over the two years, which was increased by 14.07% and 40.54% compared to OF and CK, respectively. In addition, CF was conducive to the continuous and effective supply of soil nitrogen in 0~40 cm soil layer, which could increase the plant nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen harvest index, and promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients by the crops. CF could effectively reduce the NO3--N residue in 0~160 cm soil layer after harvest, which was 14.92% and 7.87% lower than CK and OF, respectively. In the two-year experiment, the subsurface drainage and salt discharge of each treatment were relatively close, but the NO3--N and NH4+-N losses were significantly different. The NO3--N losses in OF and CK were 1.25 and 1.50 times of that in CF, and the NH4+-N losses were 1.22 and 1.95 times of that in CF, respectively. In summary, compared to the other fertilizers, CF can better promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients by crops, improves the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, and significantly increases the crop yield. At the same time, it can also reduce the deep leaching of nitrogen in the soil and reduce nitrogen loss. Therefore, it is a suitable fertilizer variety under the condition of subsurface drainage. |
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