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| Health risk assessment of heavy metals pollution in rice produced in safe utilization areas and strictly controlled areas |
| Received:October 21, 2021 Revised:January 17, 2022 |
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| KeyWord:soil environmental quality category;heavy metal;co-classification;health risk;rice |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | HUANG Dan | School of Resource Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China | | | LIU Xutong | School of Resource Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China | | | HUANG He | School of Resource Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China | | | CHEN Junxian | School of Resource Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China | | | ZHAO Hecheng | School of Resource Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China | | | ZHANG Chaolan | School of Resource Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Nanning 530004, China | zhangcl@gxu.edu.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| In this study, to investigate heavy metals pollution and health risk of rice produced in an important grain-producing area in Guangxi, 33 pairs of soil and rice samples were collected to determine the contents of Cd, Hg, As, Pb, and Cr, and the environmental quality of farmland was classified. The health risk model was used to evaluate the health risk of rice in safe utilization areas and strictly controlled areas to children and adults. The results showed that only the contents of Cd and As in soil exceeded the screening value. The proportion of Cd and As super-screening values was 60.61% and 12.12%, respectively, and 36.36% of soil samples exceeded the control value of Cd. Furthermore, only the Cd content of rice samples exceeded the standard limit(0.2 mg·kg-1), and standard-exceeding rate was 39.39%. The priority protection, safe utilization, and strictly controlled category accounted for 22.51%, 40.69% and 36.80%, respectively, of the surveyed area. Rice in both safe utilization areas and strictly controlled areas all had non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks for children and adults, and all of them in strictly controlled areas were higher than in safe utilization areas. The average non-carcinogenic risk index and carcinogenic risk index of strictly controlled areas were 4.44 times and 3.74 times respectively. Compared to the safe utilization areas, the health risks of rice in safe utilization areas mainly arose from Cd, whereas they were from Cd and As in strictly controlled areas. In the safe utilization areas, measures such as water management, low accumulation varieties, and application of passivators should be taken to reduce the health risk of Cd in rice, while in the strictly controlled areas, planting structure should be adjusted to safeguard the health of residents. |
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