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| Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in surface runoff under the rice-crawfish rotation system in the Jianghan Plain, China |
| Received:December 01, 2021 |
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| KeyWord:rice-crawfish rotation system;surface runoff;nitrogen loss;phosphorus loss;Jianghan Plain |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | CHEN Ling | School of Resources and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430064, China
Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Station for Qianjiang Agro-Environment, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, Wuhan 430064, China | | | FAN Xianpeng | Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Station for Qianjiang Agro-Environment, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, Wuhan 430064, China | fan1965@163.com | | HUANG Min | School of Resources and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430064, China | | | LIU Dongbi | Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Station for Qianjiang Agro-Environment, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, Wuhan 430064, China | | | WU Maoqian | Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Station for Qianjiang Agro-Environment, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, Wuhan 430064, China | | | XIA Ying | Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Station for Qianjiang Agro-Environment, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, Wuhan 430064, China | | | ZHANG Fulin | Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Station for Qianjiang Agro-Environment, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, Wuhan 430064, China | | | ZHANG Zhiyi | Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Station for Qianjiang Agro-Environment, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, Wuhan 430064, China | | | NI Chengfan | Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Station for Qianjiang Agro-Environment, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, Wuhan 430064, China | | | CHENG Zizhen | Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Station for Qianjiang Agro-Environment, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, Wuhan 430064, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| To promote the sustainable development of rice-crawfish integrated ecological planting and rearing systems, the characteristics of farmland surface runoff loss in a typical rice-crawfish rotation system were clarified in the Jianghan Plain. From September 2018 to September 2021, a typical rice-crawfish rotation plot was selected for in situ monitoring to study the surface runoff. The results showed that the annual runoff frequency was 10 times, the yield was (1 270±287) mm, and the yield coefficient was 44.7%. The annual total nitrogen loss was (24.59±4.70) kg·hm-2, of which 50.8% and 49.2% loss was in the crawfish and rice seasons, respectively. The average annual loss of total phosphorus was (3.28±1.03) kg·hm-2, of which the crawfish and rice seasons accounted for 46.3% and 53.7%, respectively. The nitrogen loss was mainly as soluble total nitrogen (77.4%), including nitrate nitrogen (44.5%) and ammonium nitrogen (34.8%). Phosphorus loss was primarily as soluble phosphorus (54.8%). The average concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphorus was (1.88±2.10) mg · L-1 and (0.25 ±0.14) mg · L-1, respectively. The total nitrogen concentration in the crawfish season was stable but fluctuated considerably and peaked after fertilization in the rice season. Total phosphorus fluctuated only slightly after crawfish feeding and fertilization in the rice season but had no obvious peak value. In the rice-crawfish system, the form of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in surface runoff, the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff, and the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water were affected by the surface water layer and inputs. The crawfish season and the rice season showed different performances, and the average concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were higher than the class Ⅲ standard limit of the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002). The risk periods of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in the rice-crawfish rotation system were identified as drainage at the end of the crawfish season, drainage at the mature stage of the rice season, and coupling stage within one week after heavy rainfall and fertilization. |
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