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| Effects of the post-anthesis foliar application of zinc and urea on zinc nutrition of rice grains |
| Received:December 19, 2021 |
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| KeyWord:rice;zinc concentration;zinc availability;stomatal conductance;leaf structural characteristic |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | CHEN Chen | Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/CoInnovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China | | | ZHANG Xin | Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/CoInnovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China | | | HU Shaowu | Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/CoInnovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China | | | GU Jiaming | Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/CoInnovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China | | | TONG Kaicheng | College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China | | | CHEN Wang | College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China | | | JING Liquan | Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/CoInnovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China | | | WANG Yunxia | College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China | yxwang@yzu.edu.cn | | YANG Lianxin | Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/CoInnovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China | lxyang@yzu.edu.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| This study aimed to investigate the effects of foliar zinc application alone or combination with urea on zinc concentration and bioavailability in brown and milled rice of different rice cultivars, and to explore the physiological mechanisms for genotypic differences in grain zinc nutrient enhancement. Eleven rice cultivars with different seed zinc concentrations were subjected to two foliar zinc fertilizer treatments:0.5% ZnSO4 alone(ZnSO4)or 0.5% ZnSO4 plus 1% urea(ZnSO4-Urea). For each foliar zinc treatment, zinc fertilizer was sprayed three times:at anthesis and 6 days and 12 days after anthesis, and water was sprayed at the same time as the control. The stomatal characteristics of flag leaves of each rice cultivar were determined after anthesis. Grain zinc nutritional indexes of brown and milled rice were measured at plant maturity. The averages across all rice cultivars and foliar zinc applications for grain zinc concentration, phytic acid concentration, and molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc of brown rice were significantly higher than those of milled rice by 31%, 222%, and 151%, respectively. Compared with the foliar spray of water, foliar spray of ZnSO4 and ZnSO4-Urea significantly increased the zinc concentrations of brown rice by 28.2% and 31.5%, and those of milled rice by 22.2% and 27.6%, respectively. In contrast, foliar ZnSO4 and ZnSO4-Urea treatments had no significant effect on grain phytic acid concentrations for both brown and milled rice, but the molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc decreased significantly, in which the ratio decreased by 24.3% for both ZnSO4 and ZnSO4-Urea treatments in brown rice, whereas in milled rice, it decreased by 17.2% with ZnSO4 treatment and by 20.3% with ZnSO4-Urea treatment. Significant zinc treatment by rice cultivar interactions(P<0.01)were detected in zinc concentration of rice, and significant interactions(P<0.01)between zinc treatment and grain were detected in the zinc concentration of rice and molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc. The increases in zinc concentration in brown and milled rice by foliar zinc application was positively correlated(P<0.01)with leaf stomatal conductance at anthesis, but negatively correlated(P<0.05)with seed zinc concentration of rice cultivars. Thus, the zinc nutrient levels of rice grains were significantly enhanced by foliar zinc application after anthesis, and the increases were greater in brown rice than those in milled rice. Indica rice were generally more responsive to foliar zinc application than japonica rice. ZnSO4 in combination with urea was more effective than ZnSO4 alone in rice grain zinc nutrient enhancement. Biofortification through foliar zinc fertilizer is relatively simple in rice cultivars characterized with low seed zinc level and high leaf stomatal conductance. |
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