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| Succession characteristics of soil resistome in paddy soil chronosequences |
| Received:October 12, 2022 Revised:November 22, 2022 |
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| KeyWord:paddy soil;soil chronosequence;soil resistome;antibiotic resistance gene;succession |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LIN Hui | State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil & Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China | | | CHENG Qilu | State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil & Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China | | | ZOU Ping | State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil & Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China | | | SUN Wanchun | State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil & Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China | | | YU Qiaogang | State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil & Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China | | | YE Jing | State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil & Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China | | | CHEN Zhaoming | State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil & Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China | | | MA Junwei | State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil & Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China | majw@zaas.ac.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| Two paddy soil chronosequences in the south bank of Hangzhou Bay（Shangyu：30-2 000 a; Cixi：9-2 000 a）, which had been previously identified, were used to characterize the succession of paddy soil resistome during long-term rice planting, to expand the scientific understanding of the formation and development of paddy soil. The occurrence, abundances, and diversity of 320 antibiotic resistance genes（ARGs）in different soil depths（arable layer, plow pan, and C-horizon）and their succession were studied using highthroughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction（HT-qPCR）. Results indicated that 289 ARGs were detected in two paddy soil chronosequences with aminoglycosides and multidrug resistant ARGs as the most diverse. A total of 181 ARGs were shared between both soil chronosequences. The principal coordinate analysis（PCoA）result showed that the composition of ARGs in Shangyu and Cixi paddy soil sequences were significantly different, partly reflected in the number of ARGs subtypes. Cixi had 108 unique ARGs, which did not exist in Shangyu soil samples; however, 85% of those ARGs disappeared after 100 a of rice planting. Therefore, long-term rice planting reduced the difference in the number of ARGs subtypes between different regions，but became closer after thousands of years of soil development. With the increase in rice planting years, the difference in the number of ARGs subtypes among different soil depths also reduced. Our results further showed that the richness and diversity of ARGs in paddy soil chronosequences declined after thousands of years of rice planting, whereas the ARGs abundance showed an increasing trend. The relationship between ARGs and time was more significant in the C-horizon compared with that in the arable layer and plow pan soils, and it reached a significant（P＜0.05）or extremely significant（P＜0.01）level. Overall, soil age has driven the development of paddy soil resistome, and the effect is strong in the soil resistome of the C-horizon. On the south bank of Hangzhou Bay, the young paddy soils（≤50 a）have a soil resistome with higher ARGs richness and lower relative abundance than the mature paddy soil（≥1 000 a）. There is a significant negative correlation between the bacterial abundance and relative abundance of ARGs in paddy soil sequences, implying a close relationship between ARGs succession and microorganisms during rice planting. |
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