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| Harmless and safe utilization of 9-hydroxy-4-androstene-3, 17-dione fermentation residue through aerobic composting |
| Received:June 27, 2023 Revised:July 24, 2023 |
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| KeyWord:9α-OH-AD;steroid fermentation residue;harmless treatment;aerobic composting;safe soil utilization |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | HU Mengna | College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China | | | HUI Xuesong | College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China | | | WANG Gang | School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China | | | LIU Huiling | College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China | huilingliu2002@126.com | | DAI Xiaohu | College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| This study sought to reduce the risk of environmental pollution and resource waste of steroidal fermentation residue, and realize the safe utilization of 9-hydroxy-4-androstene-3, 17-dione(9α-OH-AD)fermentation residue. An aerobic composting treatment system for 9α-OH-AD fermentation residue was established. Changes of the characteristics of the piles with the initial carbon to nitrogen ratios of 15(low), 20(medium), and 25(high)were determined during the composting process. Finally, the feasibility and safety of 9α-OH-AD fermentation residue as a fertilizer was explored in soil simulation experiments. The optimized aerobic composting process permitted effective degradation and stabilization of 9α-OH-AD fermentation residue. The physicochemical indices of the resulting fermentation residue fertilizer all met the organic fertilizer standard, and some indices were better than commercial fertilizer. After a period of time, no residues of 9α-OH-AD were detected in the soil and earthworms fertilized with 1% rate of fermentation residue fertilizer. No significant changes were evident in reproductive systems of male and female earthworms. The enzymatic activity and microbial diversity of the fertilized soil were increased. The study shows that 9α-OH-AD fermentation residue can be effectively transformed into a stable and harmless fertilizer by aerobic composting, allowing resource recovery and safe land utilization. |
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