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| Interaction effects of straw returning and cropping systems on greenhouse gas emissions in rice fields in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River |
| Received:October 09, 2023 |
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| KeyWord:ratoon rice;maize-rice cropping system;methane;nitrous oxide;global warming potential;greenhouse gas emission intensity |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LI Xinyu | Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
College of Agriculture, Yangtze University Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crop Industrialization, Jingzhou 434200, China | | | DENG Jiao | Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
College of Agriculture, Yangtze University Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crop Industrialization, Jingzhou 434200, China | | | ZHU Jie | Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangyang 441000, China | | | LI Chengwei | Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
College of Agriculture, Yangtze University Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crop Industrialization, Jingzhou 434200, China | | | JIANG Mengdie | Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
College of Agriculture, Yangtze University Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crop Industrialization, Jingzhou 434200, China | | | LIU Zhangyong | Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
College of Agriculture, Yangtze University Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crop Industrialization, Jingzhou 434200, China | | | NIE Jiangwen | Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
College of Agriculture, Yangtze University Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crop Industrialization, Jingzhou 434200, China | 13437203646@163.com | | ZHU Bo | Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
College of Agriculture, Yangtze University Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Crop Industrialization, Jingzhou 434200, China | 1984zhubo@163.com |
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| Abstract: |
| Adopting straw-returning practices and modifying green cropping systems have been demonstrated to enhance soil health and increase crop productivity. However, the impact of straw returning on greenhouse gas emissions within various rice cropping systems along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River remains uncertain. In this study, the emission fluxes of methane（CH4）and nitrous oxide（N2O）and the changes in soil physicochemical properties and related environmental factors of three rice cropping systems, namely, double cropping rice, ratoon rice, and spring maize-late rice, were continuously monitored under the conditions of straw return to the fields and non-return to the fields through field experiments. The annual cumulative CH4 emissions were 175.5% and 203.4%（straw returned to the field）and 109.6% and 126.4%（straw not returned to the field）higher in the double cropping rice and ratoon rice system, respectively, than in the maize rice system. Straw returned to the field increased the annual cumulative CH4 emissions by 31.4% in the double cropping rice system and 33.9% in the ratoon rice system but did not significantly affect the annual cumulative CH4 emission of the maize-rice system. Regardless of whether the straw was returned to the field or not, the annual cumulative N2O emission of the maize-rice system was significantly higher than that of the double cropping rice and ratoon rice systems; the straw returned to the field increased the annual cumulative N2O emission of the maize-rice system by 36.3% and that of the double cropping rice system by 43.7%. However, it did not significantly affect the annual N2O cumulative emission of the ratoon rice system. Correlation analysis showed that CH4 emission was significantly positively correlated with air temperature and soil moisture content and significantly negatively correlated with nitrate nitrogen （P<0.05）, while N2O emission was significantly positively correlated with nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen. The annual global warming potential（GWP）of the maize-rice system was significantly lower than that of the double cropping rice and ratoon rice systems at the 100-year scale CO2 equivalent. The annual GWP of the double cropping rice system was significantly increased by 31.8%, and the annual GWP of the ratoon rice system was significantly increased by 32.8% with respect to that of the non-returned straw, and there was no significant difference between the annual GWP of the maize-rice system with and without the return of the straw to the field. In all treatments, the annual GWP was mainly contributed by CH4 emission, and the warming potential due to N2O emission accounted for a relatively small proportion, indicating that reducing CH4 emission from rice cropping systems is essential for mitigating the greenhouse effect. Regardless of whether straw was returned to the field or not, the annual greenhouse gas emission intensity（GHGI）of the maize-rice system was lower than that of the double cropping rice and ratoon rice systems; straw return to the field and rice cropping system significantly affected the annual GHGI. In summary, the extent of the effect of straw return on greenhouse gas emissions varies according to the rice cropping system, and maize-late rice rotation is an ecologically and environmentally friendly rice cropping system. |
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