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| 生物降解地膜在北京典型覆膜作物生产上的应用 |
| Application of biodegradable films on production of typical mulching crops in Beijing |
| 投稿时间：2024-01-16 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0033 |
| 中文关键词: 生物降解地膜，典型覆膜作物，降解，产量，效益 |
| 英文关键词: biodegradable film, typical mulching crop, degradable, yield, benefit |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探索生物降解地膜在北京典型覆膜作物生产中应用的可行性，选取春玉米、马铃薯和露地蔬菜（西蓝花）为研究对象，以3种生物降解地膜[SW1、SW2和SW3，主要成分均为聚己二酸丁二醇酯-对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBAT）]为试验材料，以普通聚乙烯（PE）地膜和裸地作为对照，对比分析生物降解地膜的上机性能、降解情况、残留情况以及对农田土壤温度、土壤墒情、作物产量和经济效益等指标的影响。结果表明，3种生物降解地膜的增温保墒性能虽不及PE地膜，但均优于裸地；三种生物降解地膜可显著提高春玉米、马铃薯和西蓝花产量，SW1 处理由于降解起点早，导致产量最低；SW2 和 SW3 处理春玉米的产量分别为 20 160、20 490 kg·hm-2，马铃薯的产量分别为 35 409、36 175 kg·hm-2，与 PE 处理相比差异不显著；SW2 和 SW3 处理西蓝花产量分别为9 706、9 946 kg·hm-2，由于地膜覆盖安全期设置短，导致降解地膜处理产量显著低于 PE处理。3种生物降解地膜于覆膜后 230 d无肉眼可见残膜，填埋240 d后失重率在93%以上，SW2处理于填埋240 d后几乎全部降解，温度和湿度是影响北京地区地膜降解的主要因素。生物降解地膜的经济效益从高到低依次为SW3>SW2>SW1，高于裸地，但全部低于PE地膜。综合生物降解地膜的上机性能、降解和残留情况、作物产量以及经济效益，SW2和SW3两种生物降解地膜可以满足北京地区主要覆膜作物的覆膜要求。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the feasibility of applying biodegradable film on production of typical mulching crop in Beijing, three biodegradable films（PBAT materials, SW1, SW2 and SW3）which produced by three different companies were used as experimental materials to analyze their performance, degradability, residuation and effects on soil temperature, soil moisture, crop yield and economic benefit on spring corn, potatoes and broccoli. Ordinary polyethylene（PE）and bare land were taken as the contrast. The results showed that the temperature and moisture retention which laying biodegradable films were lower than that of PE film, but higher than that of bare land. All of the three biodegradable films could improve the crop yield significantly. The yield covered with SW1 was the lowest due to the early degradation starting point. The yields of spring corn covered with SW2 and SW3 were 20 160 kg·hm-2 and 20 490 kg·hm-2, the yields of potato were 35 409 kg·hm-2 and 36 175 kg·hm-2. There were no significant differences among the yields of SW2, SW3 and PE. The yields of broccoli covered with SW2 and SW3 were 9 706 kg·hm-2 and 9 946 kg·hm-2, which were lower than yields of PE because of the short safety period set for biodegradable films. Three biodegradable films had no visible residual film after 230 days later in mulching test. The weight loss rate of all the three biodegradable films had reached over 93% after 240 days later in landfill test and SW2 treatment even almost completely degraded. Therefore, temperature and humidity were the main factors to influence the degradation of film in Beijing. The economic benefit of biodegradable film from high to low was SW3>SW2>SW1, which was lower than that of PE film, but higher than that of bare land. Based on the analysis of the comprehensive performance, degradability, residuation, crop yield and economic benefit of three biodegradable films, the biodegradable films of SW2 and SW3 are suitable for the mulching crops in Beijing. |
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