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| 有机氮替代无机氮对旱作马铃薯生长、产量及农田碳排放的影响 |
| Effects of organic nitrogen substitution inorganic nitrogen on potato growth，yield and carbon emission under rainfed area |
| 投稿时间：2024-03-08 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0143 |
| 中文关键词: 马铃薯，土壤呼吸，碳平衡，产量 |
| 英文关键词: potato, soil respiration, carbon balance, yield |
| 基金项目:甘肃省高校科研创新平台重大培育项目（2024CXPT-01）；国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900700）；2023年种业攻关和农业科技支撑项目（KJZC-2023-21）；甘肃农业大学SIETP项目 |
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| 摘要点击次数: 254 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明有机氮替代无机氮对旱作马铃薯的生长、产量及农田土壤碳排放变化的影响，本研究于2022—2023年在黄土高原半干旱区（104.62°E，35.43°N）布置大田试验，设单施化肥（T1）、50%有机氮+50%无机氮（T2）、25%有机氮+75%无机氮（T3）和不施肥（T4）4个处理，研究了有机氮替代无机氮对马铃薯叶面积指数、干物质积累、土壤呼吸速率、碳排放量和碳排放效率及净生态系统生产力等指标的影响。结果表明：有机氮替代无机氮能明显增加马铃薯叶面积指数、生长率、干物质积累量和产量，其中，T2处理马铃薯产量较T1和T4处理分别增加16.67%和32.69%。有机氮替代无机氮能提高土壤呼吸速率，T2处理的平均异养呼吸速率、平均自养呼吸速率和平均土壤呼吸速率显著高出 T1和 T4 15.29%~34.07%、40.98%~56.36% 和 22.48%~39.80%。有机氮替代无机氮尽管增加了土壤碳排放总量，但表现出了明显的碳汇效应，与 T1 和 T4 处理相比，T2、T3 处理下的碳排放总量分别增加24.23%、16.45% 和 41.42%、32.55%，T2 农田净生态系统生产力较 T1、T3 和 T4 处理分别提高了 74.64%、44.71% 和 255.03%。研究表明，有机氮替代无机氮能显著提高马铃薯产量和碳汇效应，本研究推荐在200 kg·hm-2 N水平下选择50%有机氮+50%无机氮作为旱作马铃薯高产高碳汇的有机氮替代无机氮比例。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To provide a theoretical basis for green production of potato, we explored the effects of replacing different ratios of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizer on potato growth, yield, and carbon emissions in a rainfed area. A field experiment was conducted in the semi-arid zone of the Loess Plateau（104.62°E, 35.43°N）from 2022 to 2023. Four treatments were set up：100% inorganic fertilizer（T1）, 50% organic N + 50% inorganic N（T2）, 25% organic N + 75% inorganic N（T3）, and no fertilizer application（T4）. Effects of organic nitrogen substitution inorganic nitrogen on the indicators of leaf area index（LAI）, dry matter accumulation, soil respiration rate, carbon emission and efficiency and net ecosystem productivity of potato were studied. Results showed that organic nitrogen substitution inorganic nitrogen could significantly increase potato LAI, growth rate, dry matter accumulation and yield, of which potato yield increased by 16.67% and 32.69% in T2 treatment compared with T1 and T4 treatments respectively. Organic nitrogen substitution inorganic nitrogen could increase the soil respiration rate, and the mean heterotrophic respiration rate, mean autotrophic respiration rate and mean soil respiration rate under T2 treatment were not different from T3 treatment but significantly higher than the treatment of T1 and T4 by 15.29%-34.07%, 40.98%-56.36% and 22.48%-39.80%. Organic nitrogen substitution inorganic nitrogen showed a significant carbon sink effect despite the increase in total soil carbon emission, which increased by 24.23%, 16.45%, 41.42%, and 32.55% under T2 and T3 treatments, respectively, and the net ecosystem productivity of the farmland of T2 increased by 74.64%, 44.71%, 255.03%, respectively, compared with T1, T3, T4 treatments. Applying 200 kg·hm-2 of pure N in the rainfed area shows that the proportional replacement of inorganic fertilizers with organic fertilizer is 50%, and can improve potato yield and carbon sink effect significantly. |
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