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| “元麦-稻”轮作体系短期温室气体排放及经济效益评价 |
| Short-term greenhouse gas emission and economic benefit evaluation of‘naked barley-rice’rotation system |
| 投稿时间：2024-02-28 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0123 |
| 中文关键词: “元麦-水稻”轮作体系，甲烷，氧化亚氮，全球增温潜势，温室气体强度，经济效益 |
| 英文关键词: naked barley-rice rotation system, methane, nitrous oxide, global warming potential, greenhouse gas intensity, economic benefit |
| 基金项目:江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX（23）1035-2]；国家重点研发计划子课题（2016YFD0300903-02）；南通市社会民生重点项目（MS22021037）；南通市社会民生面上项目（MS22022095） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了精确估算稻田温室气体排放量并筛选合理的稻麦轮作模式，以长江下游沿江地区稻麦轮作系统为研究对象，基于品种特性和茬口安排，建立了2种“元麦-水稻”轮作模式——苏裸麦2号-移栽南粳46（A）、苏裸麦2号-直播南粳5055（B）和2种“小麦-水稻”轮作模式——扬麦29-移栽南粳5055（C）、扬麦29-直播南粳9108（D），采用静态箱-气相色谱法，于2021年11月—2022年10月进行CH4和N2O排放原位监测，对比分析不同轮作模式温室气体排放特征，通过计算全球增温潜势（GWP）、温室气体强度（GHGI）和净增温潜势（GWPnet）全面评价筛选环境友好、经济效益高的稻麦轮作模式。结果表明：不同轮作体系CH4、N2O排放以及温室效应差异显著，采用周年保护性耕作措施的 B 组合产量（比 A、C、D 组合降低 0.86%~4.29%）和成本（28 619.42元·hm-2）均最低，其产值和收益比“小麦-水稻”模式分别显著提高 6.22%~10.11% 和 72.88%~73.18%（P<0.05）。周年 CH4累积排放量、周年GWP、单位产量排放强度（GHGIY）、单位收益排放强度（GHGII）及 GWPnet也表现为 B 组合最低，其周年 GWP 和 GHGIY比 A、C 组合分别显著降低 63.59%、46.42% 和 62.12%、44.02%（P<0.05），GHGII相比其他三个组合降幅为 55.36%~69.01%（P<0.05）。此外，B组合显著增加土壤固碳量，GWPnet为-0.28 t·hm-2（以 CO2-eq 计），表现为温室气体的“汇”。综合考虑温室效应与作物产量及效益，苏裸麦 2号-直播南粳 5055组合温室效应相对最弱，产量稳定性相对较高，产值效益比较突出，可作为长江下游沿江地区稻麦轮作区低碳减排的主要轮作类型。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to accurately estimate the greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields and screen a reasonable rice-wheat rotation model. The study took the rice-wheat rotation system in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River as the research object, four rice-wheat rotation modes were established based on the characteristics of varieties and the arrangement of stubbles, including Suluomai 2- transplanted Nanjing 46（A）, Suluomai 2-direct sowing Nanjing 5055（B）, Yangmai 29-transplanted Nanjing 5055（C）and Yangmai 29- direct sowing Nanjing 9108（D）. Field CH4 and N2O emissions were monitored from November 2021 to October 2022 using static chambergas chromatographic techniques to compare and analyze the characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions in different rotation modes. By calculating the global warming potential（GWP）, greenhouse gas intensity（GHGI）and net warming potential（GWPnet）, the rice-wheat rotation model with environmental friendliness and high economic benefits was comprehensively evaluated and screened. The results showed that there were significant differences in CH4 and N2O emissions and greenhouse effect among different rotation systems. The yield of combination B with annual conservation tillage was the lowest, which was 0.86%-4.29% lower than that of A, C and D, and the cost was the lowest, which was 28 619.42 yuan·hm-2. Besides, the output value and income of combination B were significantly increased by 6.22%- 10.11% and 72.88% - 73.18%（P<0.05）, respectively, compared with the wheat-rice model. In addition, the annual accumulative CH4 emission, annual GWP, unit yield emission intensity（GHGIY）, unit income emission intensity（GHGII）and GWPnet of combination B were all the lowest. The annual GWP and GHGIY of combination B were significantly lower than those of A and C by 63.59%, 46.42% and 62.12%, 44.02%（P<0.05）, respectively, and GHGII decreased by 55.36%-69.01% compared with the other three combinations（P<0.05）. Furether more, the soil carbon pool（SOCP）of combination B increased significantly, and the GWPnet was - 0.28 t·hm-2（calculated in CO2-eq）, showing a‘sink’of greenhouse gases. Visibly, according to the trade-off between greenhouse effect and crop yield and benefit, the greenhouse effect of‘Suluomai 2-direct sowing Nanjing 5055’combination was relatively weak, the yield stability was relatively high, and the output value benefit was more prominent, which could be used as the main rotation type of low carbon emission reduction in rice-wheat rotation area along lower reaches of the Yangtze River. |
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