|
| 中国农村人居环境质量测度、时空演进及障碍因子分析 |
| Measurement，spatial-temporal evolution and obstacle factors analysis of rural human settlement environment quality in China |
| 投稿时间：2025-03-11 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2025.0188 |
| 中文关键词: 中国，农村人居环境，熵权TOPSIS法，空间自相关分析，障碍度模型，聚类分析 |
| 英文关键词: China, rural human settlement environment, entropy weight TOPSIS method, spatial autocorrelation analysis, obstacle degree model, cluster analysis |
| 基金项目:中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目（CAAS-CSAERD-202403）；中国农业科学院基本业务费项目（25-2060302-057）；中国农业科学院创新工程项目（25-2060299-070，25-2060302-034） |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 648 |
| 全文下载次数: 32 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 农村人居环境整治提升是实施乡村振兴战略的重要抓手，科学准确测度我国不同地区农村人居环境质量，找到制约因素，才能因地制宜、分类施策。本研究对标《农村人居环境整治三年行动方案》中农村人居环境的行动目标，构建农村人居环境评价指标体系，运用熵权TOPSIS法测算了2018—2022年我国各省份的农村人居环境质量得分，采用空间自相关分析和核密度估计法进行时空分布格局演化分析，并结合障碍度模型识别我国农村人居环境的主要障碍因子和主要障碍类型。结果表明：2018年《农村人居环境整治三年行动方案》发布之后，我国农村人居环境得到显著改善，农村面貌持续向好，但存在明显区域差异。我国农村人居环境的全局空间聚集程度逐年下降，局部呈现东部沿海省域高-高型集聚和东北部低-低型集聚，地区差距呈缩小态势，两极分化的特征趋于好转。人居环境整治行动中的重点和难点在禽畜粪污处理、卫生厕所行动、垃圾污水治理和居住环境提升方面。运用二阶聚类分析法将我国30个省份划分为污染治理制约型、基础保障制约型、居住条件制约型。结合农村人居环境整治的现实需求与区域差异，需分别从全链条污染治理、基础设施补短板、居住环境综合整治等方面采取差异化策略，因地制宜分类推进、聚焦重点难点发力，建立长效机制，全方位推动农村人居环境全面改善。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Enhancement of rural human settlement environment holds paramount importance for the national implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, and scientific and accurate measurement of the quality of rural human settlement environment quality in different regions of China and the identification of constraints are the only way to conduct the customization and categorization of policies tailored to local circumstances. This study established an evaluation index system based on the objectives for rural human settlement environment in the three-year action plan for improving rural living environment, employed the entropy weight TOPSIS method to evaluate the rural human settlement scores of 30 provinces between 2018 and 2022 in China, applied spatial autocorrelation and kernel density estimation to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution pattern's evolution, utilized the obstacle degree model to measure the primary obstacle factors and main obstacle types of China's rural human settlement. The results showed that the implementation of the three-year action plan in 2018 to improve the rural living environment in China had led to considerable improvements in all provinces and regions of China, and the rural appearance continued to be better, but there were clear disparities between different regions. China's rural human settlements had a decrease in the global spatial agglomeration, with the local spatial showing high-high type agglomeration in the eastern coastal provinces and low-low type agglomeration in the northeast, with regional disparities narrowing and polarization tending to improve. The focus and difficulties in human settlement improvement actions were in the areas of livestock and manure treatment, sanitary toilet campaign, garbage and sewage management, and the improvement of the living environment. Using the second-order cluster analysis method, the 30 provinces in the country were categorized into pollution control constraints, basic security constraints and living conditions constraints. In view of the actual needs and regional differences in rural human settlement improvement, it is necessary to adopt differentiated strategies from the whole chain of pollution control, make up the short board of infrastructure and improve living environment, categorize and advance according to local conditions, focus on key difficulties, establish a long-term mechanism, and promote the improvement of the rural human settlement environment in an all-round way. |
| HTML
查看全文
查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 关闭 |
|
|
|
