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| 稻草薄浆旋耙还田配施有机物料对水稻土腐殖质结合态的影响 |
| Effects of straw slurry rake to the field and the application of organic materials on the combination of humus in rice soil |
| 投稿时间：2025-04-13 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2025.0323 |
| 中文关键词: 稻草还田，薄浆旋耙，有机物料，腐殖质，腐殖质结合形态 |
| 英文关键词: rice straw returning, slurry rake, organic material, humus, combined forms of humus |
| 基金项目:吉林省重点研发项目（20240304173SF） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究稻草薄浆旋耙还田配施不同有机物料对水稻土腐殖质结合形态含量及其组成的变化规律，本研究选取JF（鸡粪+稻草薄浆旋耙还田）、ZF（猪粪+稻草薄浆旋耙还田）、YJ（玉米秸秆+稻草薄浆旋耙还田）、LC（颗粒生物炭+稻草薄浆旋耙还田）和CK（稻草薄浆旋耙还田）五种处理方式进行连续两年的大田试验。结果表明，不同有机物料施用对稻草薄浆旋耙还田后的水稻土腐殖质影响存在显著差异。松结态腐殖质含量以第1年的鸡粪处理效果最好，显著提高了58.49%。胡敏酸与富里酸比值（HA/FA）以第2年颗粒生物炭处理效果最好，显著提高了135.29%。联结态腐殖质含量以第2年猪粪处理效果最好，显著提升了60.61%。HA/FA值以第1年猪粪处理效果最好，显著提高了77.55%。稳结态腐殖质含量以第2年的鸡粪处理最好，显著提升66.89%。紧结态腐殖质含量以第1年颗粒生物炭处理效果最好，显著提高27.95%。松/紧值以第1年鸡粪处理效果最好，显著提高63.92%。研究表明，鸡粪处理既能通过松结态腐殖质快速供给养分，又能通过稳结态腐殖质持续培肥土壤、提高松/紧比、改善结构，能够兼顾作物即时需求与土壤长期健康。猪粪处理通过提高联结态腐殖质，既可以兼顾土壤肥力与生态安全，又可以提升土壤系统的抗干扰性、污染物钝化能力和碳汇稳定性，促进农业可持续发展。颗粒生物炭处理通过提高紧结态腐殖质，可以强化腐殖质与土壤矿物质的稳定结合，延长其存留时间，最终提升土壤碳库稳定性和长效肥力。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Through two consecutive years of field experiments, this study explored the changes in the combination of different organic materials on the combination of humus and composition of rice soil soil humus through straw slurry rakes. Five treatment methods were selected：JF（chicken manure+straw slurry to the field）, ZF（pig manure + straw slurry to the field）, YJ（corn stalk+straw slurry to the field）, LC（granular biochar+straw slurry to the field）, and CK（straw slurry to the field）. The results indicated significant disparities in the effect of different organic material applications on the humus of paddy soil following the rotary harrowing incorporation of rice straw slurry. In the first year, the chicken manure treatment demonstrated the most pronounced impact on the content of loosely combined humus, with a remarkable increase of 58.49%. Regarding the humic acid to fulvic acid ratio（HA/FA）, the granular biochar treatment in the second year exhibited the best performance, significantly elevating the ratio by 135.29%. In the second year, the pig manure treatment showed the optimal effect on the content of combined humus, leading to a significant enhancement of 60.61%. For the HA/FA ratio, the pig manure treatment in the first year yielded the most favorable results, with a significant increase of 77.55%. The chicken manure treatment in the second year was most effective in improving the content of stably combined humus, resulting in a substantial rise of 66.89%. In terms of the content of tightly combined humus, the granular biochar treatment in the first year performed best, showing a significant improvement of 27.95%. As for the ratio of loosely to tightly combined humus, the chicken manure treatment in the first year had the most significant positive effect, with a remarkable increase of 63.92%. The research findings suggest that chicken manure treatment can not only rapidly supply nutrients through loosely combined humus but also continuously fertilize the soil, increase the ratio of loosely to tightly combined humus, and improve soil structure through stably combined humus, thus balancing the immediate nutrient requirements of crops and the long-term health of the soil. Pig manure treatment, by enhancing the content of combined humus, can simultaneously balance soil fertility and ecological safety while enhancing the soil system's resistance to disturbances, its capacity to passivate pollutants, and the stability of its carbon sink, thereby promoting sustainable agriculture. Granular biochar treatment, by increasing the content of tightly combined humus, can strengthen the stably combined humus to soil minerals, prolong its residence time, and ultimately enhance the stability of the soil carbon pool and long-acting soil fertility. |
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