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| 磷肥用量对辽河三角洲平原水稻产量、磷积累量及利用率的影响 |
| Impacts of phosphorus fertilizer application on rice yield，phosphorus accumulation，and use efficiency in Liaohe Delta Plain |
| 投稿时间：2025-06-13 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2025.0566 |
| 中文关键词: 水稻，磷肥，产量，磷积累量，磷肥利用率，稻米品质 |
| 英文关键词: paddy rice, phosphorus, yield, phosphorus accumulation, phosphorus use efficiency, rice quality |
| 基金项目:辽宁省农业科学院基础性专项（2025JXC1005）；辽宁省农业科学院协同创新项目（2025XTCX0403）；国家重点研发计划课题项目（2024YFD1500703） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为获得辽河三角洲平原稻区最佳磷肥施用量，本研究基于田间长期定位试验，系统研究了不同磷肥用量对水稻品种产量、品质以及磷肥利用率的影响。试验共设置5个磷肥处理，分别为0、45、90、180、360 P2O5 kg·hm-2（依次以P0、P45、P90、P180、P360表示），供试材料为该区域2个主栽水稻品种，即盐粳219与盐丰47。结果表明：两个水稻品种产量上限无显著差异（9 489~9 510 kg·hm-2），产量和有效穗数之间均呈显著正相关（R2≥0.91，P<0.05），与其他产量构成因子无显著相关性。产量与磷肥施用量之间呈显著三阶段特征，非线性拟合得到盐粳219、盐丰47的最佳施磷量分别为80.8（73.2~88.3）kg·hm-2和85.8（78.5~93.6）kg·hm-2。随着施磷量增加，磷肥偏生产力（PFPP）、磷肥农学利用率（AEP）、磷肥回收利用率（REP）显著降低（P<0.05），与P90相比，两个水稻品种PFPP最大降幅为75.5%~75.7%、AEP最大降幅为77.3%~77.8%、REP最大降幅为10.8%~13.5%，品种间降幅接近。磷素在水稻植株内的分配为籽粒>茎秆>叶片，随着施磷量增加，磷在籽粒中分配逐渐降低、在茎叶中分配逐渐增加；两个品种籽粒与叶片磷分配无显著差异，而盐粳219的茎秆磷（25.5%~34.1%）显著高于盐丰47（18.5%~24.6%）。当施用量低于180 kg·hm-2时，其对稻米品质的影响并不显著；当施用量达到360 kg·hm-2时，稻米的食味品质显著下降（P<0.05）；品种比较显示，盐粳219蛋白质含量低于盐丰47，而食味值则显著高于盐丰47。综合考虑水稻品种、产量、品质以及磷肥利用率等指标，辽河三角洲平原稻区最佳磷肥用量盐粳219为73.2~88.3 kg·hm-2，盐丰47为78.5~93.6 kg·hm-2。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to obtain the optimal phosphorus fertilizer application rate in the rice growing area of the Liaohe Delta Plain, this study investigated the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application rates on the yield, quality, and phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency of rice varieties based on long-term field experiments. A total of 5 phosphorus fertilizer treatments were set up in the experiment, namely 0, 45, 90, 180, and 360 P2O5 kg·hm-2（represented as P0, P45, P90, P180, and P360）. The two rice varieties were planted in the region, namely Yanjing 219 and Yanfeng 47. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the upper limit of yield between the two rice varieties（9 489-9 510 kg·hm-2）, and there was a significant positive correlation between yield and effective panicle number（R2≥0.91, P<0.05）. There was a significant three-stage relationship between yield and phosphorus fertilizer application rate. Nonlinear fitting showed that the optimal phosphorus application rates for Yanjing 219 and Yanfeng 47 were 80.8（73.2-88.3）kg·hm-2 and 85.8（78.5-93.6）kg·hm-2, respectively. With the increase of phosphorus application rate, the partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer（PFPP）, agronomic utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer（AEP）, and recovery and utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer（REP）significantly decreased（P< 0.05）. Compared with P90, the maximum decrease in PFPP of the two rice varieties was 75.5%-75.7%, the maximum decrease in AEP was 77.3%-77.8%, and the maximum decrease in REP was 10.8%-13.5%, with similar decreases between varieties. The distribution of phosphorus in rice plants was in the order of grains > stems > leaves. As the phosphorus application rate increased, the distribution of phosphorus in grains gradually decreased and in stems and leaves gradually increased. There was no significant difference in phosphorus distribution between the grains and leaves of the two varieties, while the stem phosphorus of Yanjing 219（25.5%-34.1%）was significantly higher than that of Yanfeng 47（18.5%-24.6%）. When the application rate was ≤180 kg·hm-2, its effect on rice quality was not significant. When the application rate reached 360 kg·hm-2, the taste quality of rice significantly degraded（P<0.05）. Variety comparison showed that the protein content of Yanjing 219 was significantly lower than that of Yanfeng 47, while its taste value was significantly higher than that of Yanfeng 47. Taking into account indicators such as rice variety, yield, quality, and phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate, the optimal phosphorus fertilizer application rate in the Liaohe Delta Plain rice area is 73.2-88.3 kg·hm-2 for Yanjing 219 and 78.5-93.6 kg·hm-2 for Yanfeng47. |
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