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| 农村生活污水治理设施现状评估及发展建议——以广东省某市为例 |
| Assessment of the current status of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities and development suggestions： a case study of a city in Guangdong Province |
| 投稿时间：2025-04-10 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2025.0313 |
| 中文关键词: 农村生活污水，治理设施，成效评估，乡镇差异，发展建议 |
| 英文关键词: rural domestic sewage, treatment facility, effectiveness evaluation, township difference, developing suggestion |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对农村生活污水治理过程中设施及管网建设质量差、运维成效低等问题，本研究以广东省某市农村生活污水治理设施为研究对象，构建了多维度的治理成效评估体系，深入剖析治理设施现状问题并给出改进路径。结果表明，该市农村污水治理率达78.86%，完成污水治理的村民小组主要采用污水纳厂处理（4.20%）和建设污水治理设施（95.80%）两种模式；已建设施采用工艺主要有厌氧+人工湿地、AO/AAO、人工湿地和厌氧+人工湿地+稳定塘四类，分别占98.91%、0.55%、0.36%和0.18%。技术路径呈现高度同质化特征，闲置土地多和政策导向是造成该现象的主要因素；设施整体运行状况欠佳，评估为良好、一般、较差的占比分别为12.54%、56.49%、30.97%，设施的正常运转率为69.03%，问题主要集中在前期设计不合理、施工建设不规范以及后期运维管理缺失三个方面；各乡镇污水治理水平存在较大差异，治理策略分化明显，反映出该市农村污水治理体系存在结构性失衡问题。提出需加强治理工艺多元探索，优化区域治理模式及工艺设计，积极推进污水资源化，同时强化区域技术交流与资源配置、拓宽资金筹措渠道，以提升农村生活污水治理成效。研究结果为提升类似区域农村污水治理效能、优化资源配置、完善运维机制提供了实证依据和决策参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In response to issues such as poor construction quality and low operational efficiency in rural domestic sewage treatment, this study took a city in Guangdong Province as the research object to construct a multi-dimensional governance efficiency evaluation system. It was constructed to deeply analyze existing problems in treatment facilities and propose improvement paths. The research results showed that the rural sewage treatment rate in this city reached 78.86%. Among the villager groups that had completed sewage treatment, two main modes were employed：sewage discharge into sewage treatment plants（4.20%）and constructing sewage treatment facilities（95.80%）. The main processes used in the constructed facilities included anaerobic + constructed wetland, AO/AAO, constructed wetland, and anaerobic+ constructed wetland + stabilization pond, accounting for 98.91%, 0.55%, 0.36%, and 0.18%, respectively. The technical paths exhibited a high degree of homogeneity, primarily due to abundant idle land and policy guidance. The overall operational status of the facilities was unsatisfactory, with 12.54%, 56.49%, and 30.97% of facilities rated as good, fair, and poor respectively. The normal operation rate of the facilities was 69.03%, with problems mainly concentrated in three areas：unreasonable preliminary design, non-standard construction, and inadequate post-construction operation and maintenance management. There were significant differences in sewage treatment levels among various townships, with distinctly differentiated treatment strategies, reflecting a structural imbalance in the city's rural sewage treatment system. This study suggests that it is necessary to strengthen the exploration of diverse treatment processes, optimize regional treatment modes and process designs, and actively promote sewage resource utilization. Additionally, it is crucial to enhance regional technical exchanges and resource allocation, as well as broaden funding channels to improve the effectiveness of rural domestic sewage treatment. The study's findings provide empirical evidence and policy references for enhancing rural sewage treatment efficiency in similar regions, optimizing resource allocation, and refining operation and maintenance mechanisms. |
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