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| 腐植酸钾用量对黄淮海平原砂质潮土中低产田小麦玉米产量和养分吸收的影响 |
| Effects of potassium humate application rates on yield and nutrient uptake of wheat and maize in medium-low-yield sandy fluvo-aquic soils of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain |
| 投稿时间：2026-02-05 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2026.0144 |
| 中文关键词: 腐植酸肥料，砂质潮土，产量构成，养分累积，小麦-玉米轮作 |
| 英文关键词: humic acid fertilizer, sandy fluvo-aquic soil, yield component, nutrient accumulation, wheat-maize rotation |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1901003）；河南省科技攻关项目（252102110196） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 张宝冲 | 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 | | | 胡家钰 | 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 | | | 高怡帆 | 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 | | | 高兵阳 | 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 | | | 袁世仑 | 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 | | | 闫军营 | 河南省土壤肥料站, 郑州 450002 | | | 郭景丽 | 河南心连心化学工业集团股份有限公司, 河南 新乡 453700 | | | 叶优良 | 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 | | | 黄玉芳 | 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 | | | 陈东海 | 郑州市农业科技研究院, 郑州 450000 | | | 赵亚南 | 河南农业大学资源与环境学院, 郑州 450046 | zhaoyanan@henau.edu.cn | | 文祥朋 | 新乡县农业农村局, 河南 新乡 453700 | xxnjz@126.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究腐植酸钾在黄淮海平原砂质潮土中低产田上的施用效果，本研究于2021—2024年在河南省新乡县开展田间定位试验，设置5个腐植酸钾用量0（HAK0）、75（HAK5）、150（HAK10）、225（HAK15）、300（HAK20）kg·hm-2处理，分析不同处理对小麦-玉米产量、产量构成、干物质和养分吸收的影响。结果表明，与HAK0相比，HAK20处理小麦3年平均产量提高20.9%，HAK15处理对玉米3年平均产量提升幅度最高，达23.7%；小麦3年平均有效穗数和千粒质量分别提升9.5%~23.8%和11.0%~12.7%，玉米3年平均穗粒数和百粒质量分别提高4.7%~10.2%和2.8%~7.2%。施用腐植酸钾可提高小麦和玉米地上部干物质总量和养分累积量，与HAK0处理相比，HAK20处理小麦3年平均地上部干物质总量提升20.2%，小麦氮、磷、钾累积量提升16.4%、28.7%、15.8%；HAK20处理较HAK0处理3年平均提升玉米氮、磷、钾累积量40.6%、11.8%、20.3%。随机森林模型结果表明，提升小麦产量的关键因子为单位面积穗数、地上部干物质量和千粒质量，提升玉米产量的关键因子为穗数和百粒质量。综上，施用腐植酸钾可提升黄淮海平原砂质潮土中低产田小麦和玉米产量及产量构成因素，促进小麦和玉米氮、磷、钾养分吸收，最佳腐植酸钾施用量为300 kg·hm-2。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of potassium humate application in medium-low-yield sandy fluvo-aquic soils of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, a field experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2024 in Xinxiang County, Henan Province. Five treatments with different application rates of potassium humate were established：0（HAK0）, 75（HAK5）, 150（HAK10）, 225（HAK15）, and 300（HAK20） kg· hm-2. The effects of these treatments on yield, yield components, dry matter accumulation, and nutrient uptake in a wheat-maize rotation system were analyzed. The results showed that compared with HAK0, HAK20 treatment increased the three-year average wheat yield by 20.9%, while the HAK15 treatment increased the three-year average maize yield by 23.7%. Compared with HAK0, the three-year average effective spike number and thousand-grain mass of wheat increased 9.5%-23.8% and 11.0%-12.7%, respectively, and the three-year average grain number per ear and hundred-grain mass of maize increased by 4.7%-10.2% and 2.8%-7.2%, respectively. Potassium humate application increased the total aboveground dry matter and nutrient accumulation in both wheat and maize. Compared with HAK0, the HAK20 treatment raised the three-year average aboveground dry matter of wheat by 20.2%, and increased nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium accumulation by 16.4%, 28.7%, and 15.8%, respectively. The HAK20 treatment also increased the three-year average accumulations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in maize by 40.6%, 11.8%, and 20.3%, respectively. The random forest model indicated that the key factors affecting wheat yield were spikes per unit area, aboveground dry matter, and thousand-grain mass, whereas for maize yield, the key factors were grains per ear and hundred-grain mass. In conclusion, potassium humate application can increase the yield and yield components of wheat and maize, as well as the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, with an optimal application rate of 300 kg·hm-2 in the medium-low-yield sandy fluvo-aquic soils of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. |
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