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| 棉花秸秆生物炭对新疆水稻产量、氮素利用率及稻田氮素平衡的影响 |
| Effects of cotton straw biochar on rice yield，nitrogen utilization efficiency and the nitrogen balance in paddy field of Xinjiang |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-13 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2025.0087 |
| 中文关键词: 南疆地区，水稻，棉秆生物炭，氮素，产量 |
| 英文关键词: southern Xinjiang, rice, cotton stalk biochar, nitrogen, yield |
| 基金项目:新疆自治区青年科学基金项目（2022D01B223）；杭州市自然科学基金一般项目（2024SZRYBC030001）；浙江省自然科学基金重点项目（LZ22G030007） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 提高氮肥在稻田的利用效率，是优化稻田施肥结构、减少氮素损失的关键环节。然而，生物炭在提升稻田氮肥利用率方面的潜在能力如何，现阶段尚未得到全面清晰的认识。本研究以新稻36号水稻品种为研究对象，通过随机区组设计，针对性地设置了4个秸秆处理，分别为不施氮肥（CK）、常规施肥（CG，不施生物炭和棉花秸秆）、常规施肥配棉花秸秆（ST，12 000 kg·hm-2）以及常规施肥配施棉花秸秆制备的生物炭（BC，4 500 kg·hm-2），旨在分析出不同秸秆处理对水稻-土壤系统氮素平衡、氮素利用率以及水稻产量形成的影响。结果表明：与CG处理相比，ST处理和BC处理使水稻产量平均提高了12.5%和14.8%，主要源于有效穗数和穗粒数的增加（P<0.05）。生物炭显著促进氮素向穗部积累，BC处理茎、叶、穗的氮累积总量两年平均较CG处理分别增加了36.2%、39.2%、47.6%。此外，BC处理显著提高0~40 cm土层硝态氮和铵态氮含量，降低氮素淋失风险18.2%（P<0.05），并通过优化氮平衡提高土壤表观残留氮11.4%。ST和BC处理显著提高氮肥表观利用率、氮农学利用率与氮肥偏生产力，但氮肥生理利用率和土壤氮素依存率呈相反变化趋势。研究表明，棉秆生物炭配施能够提高水稻产量、氮肥利用效率及降低环境风险，其技术模式具备在稻田生产中推广应用的价值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in paddy fields is a key link in optimizing the paddy field fertilization structure and reducing nitrogen loss. However, the potential of biochar to improve nitrogen use efficiency in paddy fields is not fully understood. A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of biochar application on yield formation, nitrogen utilization efficiency and rice-soil nitrogen balance in southern Xinjiang. The experiment compared four treatments：no nitrogen fertilizer（CK）, conventional fertilization（CG, no charcoal and straw）, cotton straw（ST, 12 000 kg·hm-2）and biochar prepared from cotton straw（BC, 4 500 kg·hm-2）. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization, ST and BC treatments increased rice yield by 12.5% and 14.8%, respectively（P<0.05）, primarily attributed to the increase in effective panicles and grains per panicle. Biochar application significantly promoted nitrogen accumulation in panicles, with total nitrogen content in stems, leaves, and panicles increasing by 36.2%, 39.2% and 47.6%, respectively. Additionally, BC treatment significantly enhanced NO3--N and NH4+-N content in the 0-40 cm soil layer, reduced nitrogen leaching risk by 18.2%（P<0.05）, and improved soil apparent residual nitrogen by 11.4% through optimized nitrogen balance. Biochar amendment also increased nitrogen apparent recovery efficiency and partial factor productivity, but decreased nitrogen phy siological efficiency and soil nitrogen dependence rate. The research results confirm that cotton straw biochar exhibits optimal performance in improving rice yield, enhancing nitrogen use efficiency, and reducing environmental risks, and its technical model has value for popularization and application in paddy field production. |
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