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| 玉米秸秆生物炭修复铅镉污染土壤及其对土壤细菌群落的影响 |
| Remediation of lead and cadmium contaminated soil by maize straw biochar and its effects on soil bacterial community |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-23 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2025.0126 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米秸秆生物炭，土壤修复，铅，镉，小麦，土壤细菌群落 |
| 英文关键词: corn stalk biochar, soil remediation, lead, cadmium, wheat, soil bacterial community |
| 基金项目:中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（246Z7001G）；国家重点研发计划项目（grant 2021YFB3900602）；河北省重点研发计划项目（22374205D）；河北省水利科技计划项目（2020-07，2022-20，2024-63，HBST2024-03） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨玉米秸秆生物炭对Pb和Cd污染土壤的综合修复效果，本研究通过盆栽试验，对比分析了不同用量（0、1%、2%和4%）的生物炭处理下小麦的生长状况、各植株组织中Pb/Cd含量、土壤中Pb/Cd的有效性与形态分布以及土壤细菌群落结构等指标。结果表明：玉米秸秆生物炭的施用显著提高了小麦的株高和生物量；与不施加生物炭的CK处理相比，生物炭处理显著降低了小麦根、茎、叶和籽粒中的Pb和Cd含量，当生物炭用量为2%时可有效保障小麦籽粒中Pb和Cd的含量低于我国《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》（GB 2762—2022）的限量值。随着生物炭施用量的增加，小麦根际土壤中DTPA有效态Pb和Cd的含量分别降低了15.38%~46.21%和23.88%~49.25%，弱酸可提取态和可还原态Pb/Cd比例降低，而可氧化态与残渣态Pb/Cd比例增加。此外，玉米秸秆生物炭的施加还显著提高了根际土壤中有机质（8.69%~39.08%）、总氮（37.40%~96.18%）、速效磷（18.95%~52.99%）和速效钾（5.91%~20.82%）的含量，提升了根际土壤细菌群落的多样性和丰富度，增加了变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）等有益菌群的相对丰富度。研究表明，Pb和Cd污染土壤中施用玉米秸秆生物炭具有降低Pb/Cd生物有效性、提升土壤肥力、改善土壤细菌群落组成与结构以及增强细菌代谢能力的效果，从而起到促进小麦生长并且保障小麦安全生产的作用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the effects of corn stalk biochar on the Pb/Cd accumulation in wheat and the immobilization of heavy metals in Pb and Cd-contaminated soil, this study compared the growth of wheat, Pb / Cd content in various tissues, the availability and speciation distribution of Pb/Cd in soil, and the structure of soil bacterial communities under different dosages of biochar-treated（0%, 1%, 2%, and 4%）. The results showed that applying corn stalk biochar significantly increased wheat ′ s plant height and biomass. Compared with the control without biochar, biochar treatment reduced the Pb/Cd content in the roots, stems, leaves and grains of wheat. When the biochar application rate was 2%, the concentrations of Pb and Cd in grains were lower than the standard value established by the National Food Safety Standard of China（GB 2762—2022）. With the increase of biochar application rate, the content of DTPA available Pb and Cd in the rhizosphere soil of wheat decreased by 15.38%-46.21% and 23.88%-49.25%, respectively. The proportion of weak acid extractable and reducible Pb/Cd decreased, while the proportion of oxidizable and residual Pb/Cd increased. The application of corn stalk biochar also significantly increased the content of organic matter（8.69%-39.08%）, total nitrogen（37.40%-96.18%）, available phosphorus（18.95%- 52.99%）, and available potassium（5.91%-20.82%）in the rhizosphere soil, increased the diversity and richness of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community and increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial groups such as Proteobacteria and Bacillus. In conclusion, the application of corn stalk biochar in Pb and Cd-contaminated soil can reduce the bioavailability of Pb/Cd, improve soil fertility, and improve the composition and structure of soil bacterial communities, and enhance the metabolic capacity of bacteria, thereby promoting the growth of wheat and reducing the accumulation of Pb/Cd in wheat grains. |
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