| To clarify the logical mechanism by which the portfolio supply of natural resource assets facilitates the realization of ecological product value, and to address practical challenges faced by ecological products, which are difficult to measure, collateralize, trade, and monetize, this paper employed theoretical analysis, case studies, and inductive-deductive reasoning. It explored effective pathways for portfolio supply to promote ecological product value realization across four dimensions：pricing, property rights, markets, and transactions. The results showed that：from theoretical, institutional, and practical perspectives, the portfolio supply of natural resource assets played a crucial role throughout the entire process of ecological product value from value incentives to value transformation to value realization. In local practices, the portfolio supply of natural resource assets had formed supply models characterized by cross-resource, cross-space, cross- ownership, and cross - level approaches. Under different supply models, asset portfolios primarily achieved value appreciation through natural resource rights trading and ecological industry development. Combination supply leveraged environmental and demand -oriented policy tools to realize ecological product value, currently supported by a policy framework centered on institutional norms, strategic safeguards, and pilot demonstrations. Addressing common challenges in realizing asset package value across different combination models, the study proposed optimization strategies including ecological product grading and classification, innovative property rights management systems, expanded product trading pathways, and improved supply-transaction mechanisms. These findings enhance the efficiency of natural resource asset portfolio allocation, optimize supply models, and provide a basis for establishing robust ecological product value realization mechanisms. |
