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| 粉煤灰、腐植酸和秸秆复合改良红壤初期的水盐运动特征 |
| Characteristics of water and salt movement in soil during the initial stage of composite improvement by fly ash，humic acid，and straw |
| Received:March 01, 2024 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0126 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤改良初期，复合改良剂，一维垂直入渗，水盐运动，Horton入渗模型 |
| 英文关键词: initial stage of soil improvement, composite amendment, one-dimensional vertical infiltration, water and salt movement, Horton infiltration model |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51579020）；湖南省自然科学基金项目（2022JJ30602） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | QIN Chaojian | School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Water Environment Treatment and Ecological Restoration, Changsha 410114, China | | | SHENG Feng | School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China | fsaint8586@163.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究粉煤灰、腐植酸和秸秆复合改良红壤初期的水盐运动的特征，本研究采用一维垂直入渗试验探讨了粉煤灰（A：7、14、21 kg·m-2）、生化黄腐酸（B：3、6、9 g·kg-1）和秸秆（C：0.37、0.56、0.75 kg·m-2）不同配施方案对复合改良初期土壤中湿润锋运移、地表入渗和盐分分布的影响。结果显示：在复合改良初期，复合改良剂明显降低了湿润锋的迁移速率、地表初始入渗速率和稳定入渗速率，较空白处理分别降低了 12.56%~54.33%、23.63%~79.03% 和 27.82%~82.19%，粉煤灰是引起上述入渗特征指标降低的主导因素（P<0.05）；复合改良显著增大了土壤中的盐分含量，在入渗水流作用下，土壤盐分随水流向改良层与底土层交界面快速聚集，土壤表层（0~8 cm）和深层（12~20 cm）的盐分含量较空白处理分别增加1.10~2.55倍和0.98~2.71倍。研究表明，在复合改良初期，土壤的入渗能力、导水能力和排水排盐能力均明显降低，会增大农业灌水和施肥的地面流失量，提高农田土壤盐渍化和环境水体污染的风险。因此，尽管复合改良从长期来看对土壤质量提升有益，但应重视复合改良初期改良剂对土壤的不利影响并调整农田管理方式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the characteristics of water and salt movement in soil during the initial stage of composite improvement, this study employed one-dimensional vertical infiltration experiments to analyze the effects of different proportions of fly ash, humic acid, and straw on the movement of the infiltration wetting front, surface infiltration rate, and salt distribution in composite-improved soil. The results showed that, during the initial stage of composite improvement, the composite amendment significantly reduced the migration rate of the infiltration wetting front, initial surface infiltration rate, and stable surface infiltration rate by 12.56% - 54.33%, 23.63% - 79.03%, and 27.82%-82.19%, respectively, compared with those of soil without composite-improved. The main factor responsible for the reduction in infiltration characteristics was found to be fly ash（P<0.05）. Additionally, composite amendment significantly increased soil salinity. Soil salts quickly accumulated at the interface between the amended layer and subsoil with the infiltration water, resulting in the increment of soil salt as 1.10-2.55 times and 0.98-2.71 times in the upper（0-8 cm）and lower（12-20 cm）soil layers, respectively, compared with those of soil without composite-improved. These findings indicate that, during the initial stage of composite improvement, the capacity of soil infiltrate, drainage, and salts discharge are all significantly reduced, which will increase the loss of irrigation water and applied fertilizer by surface runoff, and will increase the risk of soil salinization and environmental water pollution. Therefore, though composite amendment has long-term benefits for improving soil quality, attention should be paid to the adverse effects of amendments on soil during the initial stage of composite improvement, and appropriate adjustments should be made to farmland management practices to mitigate these negative impacts. |
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