不同轮作模式下施氮水平对冬小麦产量和氮素吸收利用的影响

耿赛男; 李岚涛; 苗玉红; 谭金芳; 王宜伦

文章摘要

不同轮作模式下施氮水平对冬小麦产量和氮素吸收利用的影响

Effects of different nitrogen rates on yield，nitrogen absorption and utilization of winter wheat under different crop rotation systems

Received:April 07, 2024

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0223

中文关键词: 大豆-小麦轮作，玉米-小麦轮作，施氮量，产量，植株氮素吸收

英文关键词: soybean-wheat rotation, corn-wheat rotation, nitrogen application rate, grain yield, plant nitrogen acquisition

基金项目:“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1901001-08）；河南省教育厅科技攻关项目（232102111119）

Author Name	Affiliation	E-mail
GENG Sainan	College of Resource and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China Postdoctoral Station of Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
LI Lantao	College of Resource and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
MIAO Yuhong	College of Resource and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
TAN Jinfang	School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
WANG Yilun	College of Resource and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China	wangyilunrl@163.com

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中文摘要:

为探讨华北平原大豆-小麦和玉米-小麦轮作系统中后茬冬小麦生长发育和产量形成对不同施氮量的响应，本研究于2020—2022年采用裂区设计开展了大田试验。2020—2021年主处理为玉米-小麦（C-W）、大豆-小麦（S-W）和大豆（加根瘤菌）-小麦（SR-W）轮作模式；副处理为前茬作物施氮量，大豆施氮量为 0（S-N0）、80（S-N80）、120 kg·hm^-2（S-N120），玉米施氮量为 0（C-N0）、180（C-N180）、240 kg·hm^-2（C-N240）。2021—2022 年主处理为玉米-小麦（C-W）、大豆（1 年）-小麦（S1-W）和大豆（5年）-小麦（S5-W）轮作模式，副处理为小麦季设置的3个施氮水平：0（W-N0）、180（W-N180）、240 kg·hm^-2（W-N240）。结果表明，与玉米-小麦轮作相比，大豆-小麦轮作模式可有效提高后茬小麦产量，增幅为2.87%~41.21%，且增幅W-N0最高，W-N180次之。同时，W-N0处理下S5-W轮作模式下的小麦生物量、氮素积累量、叶片SPAD值和土壤无机氮分别较C-W轮作模式提高31.64%~50.55%、53.89%~90.85%、8.27%~21.62% 和 6.10%~34.55%；W - N180 处理下分别提升 6.65%~13.18%、10.61%~27.55%、4.09%~13.29%和13.47%~50.49%，而W-N240处理的增幅低于W-N0和W-N180。此外，SR-W较S-W轮作模式对小麦生长发育和产量形成无显著优势。经济效益方面，S5-W 轮作的周年经济效益在 W-N0、W-N180 和 W-N240 处理下分别较 C-W 提升 34.00%、3.70%和1.76%。综上，本试验条件下当施氮量为180 kg·hm^-2时，与玉米-小麦轮作模式相比，多年大豆-小麦轮作模式可有效促进后茬小麦生长发育、氮素积累和产量形成，实现小麦增产和周年经济效益增加的目标。

英文摘要:

To investigate the response of the growth and yield formation of winter wheat following soybean-wheat and corn-wheat rotation systems to different nitrogen rates in the North China Plain, a field experiment was conducted in 2020—2022 using a split-plot design. In 2020—2021, the main treatments were corn-wheat（C-W）, soybean-wheat（S-W）and soybean（inoculated with rhizobium）-wheat（SRW）rotation patterns. The sub-treatments were the three nitrogen rates of the previous crop. The soybean treatments were 0（S-N0）, 80 kg·hm^-2（S-N80）and 120 kg·hm^-2（S-N120）; the corn treatments were 0（C-N0）, 180 kg·hm^-2（C-N180）and 240 kg·hm^-2（C-N240）. In 2021—2022, the main treatments were corn-wheat（C-W）, soybean（1 year）- wheat（S1-W）and soybean（5 years）- wheat（S5-W） rotation patterns. The sub-treatments were the three nitrogen rates set for wheat season：0（W-N0）, 180 kg·hm^-2（W-N180）and 240 kg· hm-（2 W-N240）. The results showed that compared with corn-wheat rotation, soybean-wheat rotation could effectively improve the yield of subsequent wheat by 2.87%-41.21%, and the increase rate was the highest under W-N0, followed by W-N180. At the same time, under the W-N0 treatment, the wheat biomass, nitrogen accumulation, leaf SPAD value and soil inorganic nitrogen under the S5-W rotation mode increased by 31.64%-50.55%, 53.89%-90.85%, 8.27%-21.62% and 6.10%-34.55% higher than those under the C-W rotation mode, respectively. W-N180 treatment increased by 6.65%-13.18%, 10.61%-27.55%, 4.09%-13.29% and 13.47%-50.49%, respectively, while W-N240 increase rate was less than W-N0 and W-N180. In addition, the SR-W rotation model had no significant advantages in wheat growth and yield formation compared with the S-W rotation model. Compared with the C-W rotation model, the annual economic benefits of the S5-W rotation model increased by 34.00%, 3.70%, and 1.76% under W-N0, W-N180, and W-N240 treatments, respectively. In conclusion, under the conditions of this test, when the nitrogen application rate is 180 kg·hm^-2, the multi-year soybean-wheat rotation mode effectively promotes wheat growth, nitrogen accumulation and yield formation, thus increasing wheat yield and annual economic benefits.

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