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| 旱地马铃薯花后高温胁迫下施氮对干物质积累、氮素利用及产量的影响 |
| Effects of nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation，nitrogen utilization and yield under high temperature stress after flowering in dryland potatoes |
| Received:May 17, 2024 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0328 |
| 中文关键词: 马铃薯，高温胁迫，施氮量，干物质积累，产量 |
| 英文关键词: potato, high temperature stress, nitrogen application, dry matter accumulation, yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31860336）；宁夏自然科学基金项目（2019AAC03065）；宁夏粮食作物种质创制与生长调控科技创新团队项目（2022BSB03109） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | SU Ming | College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China | | | KANG Jianhong | College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China | kangjianhong@163.com | | WU Hongliang | College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China | nxuwu@163.com | | ZHOU Tian | College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China | | | HONG Ziqiang | College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China | | | LI Fanguo | College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China | | | ZHANG Zhengzhen | College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 合理施氮可缓解高温胁迫对马铃薯的危害，为明确适宜施氮量，本研究于2020—2021年在宁夏海原县开展裂区试验，以4个氮素水平为主区（N0：0 kg·hm-2；N1：75 kg·hm-2；N2：150 kg·hm-2；N3：225 kg·hm-2），2个温度水平为副区[HT：（35±2 ℃），高温；CK：自然温度，常温]，探讨马铃薯花后不同温度处理下，施氮对其产量及构成因素、干物质积累、氮素利用的影响及其相互关系。结果表明：高温胁迫后，产量较常温下降 8.41%~11.42%，块茎干物质积累量下降 15.02%~22.92%，块茎氮素积累量下降 13.73%~35.70%，达到最高干物质积累速率时生长量（Wmax）降低 1.19%~14.90%，积累活跃期（D）缩短 11.11%~17.36%，块茎最大干物质积累速率（Vmax）增加0.43%~19.80%。N2处理较其他处理能显著加快Vmax和增加Wmax，可使氮肥生理利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥吸收利用率和产量均达到最高，N2处理还可提高干物质和氮素积累量，以缓解高温危害并提高产量。隶属函数综合得分均呈现N2>N1>N3>N0的规律。研究表明，高温胁迫不利于马铃薯干物质和氮素积累，降低了氮素利用率和产量，而合理的施氮量（120~150kg·hm-2）有利于缓解高温胁迫造成的不利影响，增加马铃薯产量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to clarify the rational application of nitrogen to alleviate the harm of high temperature stress to potato, and then determine the appropriate amount of nitrogen application, to provide technical support for the production of potato in mountain area of southern Ningxia, the experiment was carried out in Haiyuan County, Ningxia from 2020 to 2021. A split-zone experimental design was adopted, with four nitrogen levels as the main zones（N0：0 kg·hm-2, N1：75 kg·hm-2, N2：150 kg·hm-2, and N3：225 kg·hm-2）, and two temperature gradients as the sub-zones[HT：（35±2）℃, high temperature; CK：natural temperature], to explore the effects of N application on yield and constitutive factors, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen utilization and their interrelationships under different temperature postanthesis. The results showed that under post-anthesis high temperature stress, yield decreased by 8.41% - 11.42%, tuber dry matter accumulation decreased by 15.02%-22.92%, tuber nitrogen accumulation decreased by 13.73%-35.70% compared with CK, growth at the time of reaching the maximum rate of dry matter accumulation（Wmax）reduced by 1.19%-14.90%, the active period of accumulation（D） was shortened by 11.11%-17.36%, and the maximum dry matter accumulation rate of tubers（Vmax）increased by 0.43%-19.80%. N2 could significantly accelerate Vmax and increase Wmax compared with other treatments, and could lead to the highest physiological utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, agronomic utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer uptake rate as well as the highest yields, and could improve dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in order to alleviate high temperature damage and increase yield. The comprehensive ranking results of the membership function were as follows：N2>N1>N3>N0. Therefore, high temperature stress is unfavorable to potato dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, and reduce nitrogen utilization and yield, while a reasonable nitrogen application（120-150 kg·hm-2）is beneficial to alleviate the adverse effects of high temperature stress and increase potato yield. |
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