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| 中国农作物秸秆资源产量分布及利用分析 |
| Analysis of yield distribution and utilization of crop straw resources in China |
| Received:March 25, 2024 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0184 |
| 中文关键词: 农作物，秸秆，产量，区域分布，五料化综合利用 |
| 英文关键词: crop, straw, yield, regional distribution, comprehensive utilization of five materials |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1901004） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LIU Junjie | Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Tianjin 301830, China
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China | | | YAN Xiaobin | Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Tianjin 301830, China | | | ZHANG Meiyi | Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Tianjin 301830, China | | | LIU Tianshu | Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Tianjin 301830, China | | | SUN Zhimei | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China | sunzhm2002@163.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 我国作为农业大国，农作物秸秆资源极其丰富。本研究基于官方统计数据和文献资料调研，分析了2011—2022年间我国秸秆资源的产量变化、区域分布及资源化利用状况，旨在为秸秆资源的合理利用提供科学依据。结果表明：2011—2022年11年间我国秸秆产量由75 253.10万t增加到86 429.01万t，年均增长率为1.35%，其中玉米秸秆产量最高。2022年秸秆产生量主要集中在华东区、华中区和东北区，华东区秸秆产量最高，为 19 439.22 万 t，占全国秸秆资源总量的比例高达 22.49%；华南区最少，为 6 688.02万 t，占秸秆资源总量的比例仅为 7.74%。从省域分布看，东北区的黑龙江省秸秆总产量最高，为 8 544.00万 t，占全国秸秆总产量的9.89%。而单位面积秸秆产量则以华南、华中和华东区排前三位，分别为11.79、10.09 t·hm-2和9.17 t·hm-2，高于全国（6.77 t·hm-2）的平均产量；西北区单位面积秸秆产量最低，为4.29 t·hm-2。2020年以来，我国秸秆可收集利用量稳定在72 300万t左右，秸秆综合利用率达87.70%~88.10%，其中以肥料化利用为主，利用率在60%以上，饲料化、燃料化、基料化、原料化利用率则基本呈现逐年降低趋势，高值化利用发展速度较慢。综上可见，我国农作物秸秆资源产量巨大，具备大规模综合利用的原料基础，低附加值利用占比较大，高值化利用比例有待提高。为此，亟需加强政府引导、农业技术推广和科研创新，以实现农业可持续发展和秸秆资源的高效循环利用，助力农业绿色发展和建设资源节约型社会。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| As a big agricultural country, China has abundant crop straw resources. Based on official statistical data and literature research, this study analyzed the yield change, regional distribution and resource utilization of straw resources in China during 2011—2022, aiming to provide scientific basis for rational utilization of straw resources. The results showed that during the 11 years from 2011 to 2022, the straw yield in China increased from 752.53 million tons to 864.29 million tons, with an average annual growth rate of 1.35%, among which the corn straw yield was the highest. In 2022, the straw production was mainly concentrated in East China, Central China and Northeast China. The straw production in East China was the highest, with 194.39 million tons, accounting for 22.49% of the total straw resources in the country. South China was the least,（66.88 million tons）accounting for only 7.74% of the total straw resources. From the perspective of provincial distribution, the total output of straw in Heilongjiang Province was the highest, which was 85.44 million tons, accounting for 9.89% of the total output of straw in China. The straw yield per unit area was the top three in South China, Central China and East China, which were 11.79, 10.09 t·hm-2 and 9.17 t·hm-2 respectively, higher than the national average yield of 6.77 t·hm-2. The lowest straw yield per unit area was 4.29 t·hm-2 in northwest region. Since 2020, China's straw collection utilization has stabilized at about 723.00 million tons, and the comprehensive utilization rate of straw has reached 87.70%-88.10%, of which fertilizer utilization was mainly used, and the utilization rate was more than 60%, and the utilization rate of feed, fuel, base material and raw material was basically decreasing year by year, and the development rate of high-value utilization was slow. To sum up, China's crop straw resources have a huge output, with a large-scale comprehensive utilization of raw materials, low value-added utilization accounts for a relatively large proportion, and high value utilization needs to be improved. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen government guidance, agricultural technology promotion and scientific research and innovation, in order to achieve sustainable agricultural development and efficient recycling of straw resources, and help green agricultural development and build a resource-saving society. |
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