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| 苏打盐碱地水田治理技术研究进展 |
| Advances in amelioration technologies of sodic/saline sodic paddy fields of rice |
| Received:November 11, 2024 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0893 |
| 中文关键词: 苏打盐碱地，松嫩平原，综合治理，水稻，栽培 |
| 英文关键词: sodic soil, Songnen Plain, comprehensive amelioration, rice, cultivation |
| 基金项目:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（XDA28110100）；中铁十四局集团有限公司项目（993700009630559899202328）；吉林省盐碱地高效治理与综合利用科技创新重大专项（20240203004NC）；国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1500502-6） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | WU Xuhai | China Railway 14th Bureau Group Northwest Engineering Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710086, China | | | LI Jialiang | China Railway 14th Bureau Group Northwest Engineering Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710086, China | | | XIE Lidong | China Railway 14th Bureau Group Northwest Engineering Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710086, China | | | WANG Yuemei | National Key Laboratory of Black Land Protection and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
Jilin Da'an Farmland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Da' an 131317, China
Northeast Saline-Alkali Land Sub-Center, National Saline-Alkali Land Comprehensive Utilization Technology Innovation Center, Da'an 131317, China | | | GONG Ting | National Key Laboratory of Black Land Protection and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
Jilin Da'an Farmland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Da' an 131317, China
Northeast Saline-Alkali Land Sub-Center, National Saline-Alkali Land Comprehensive Utilization Technology Innovation Center, Da'an 131317, China | | | MENG Qingxue | National Key Laboratory of Black Land Protection and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
Jilin Da'an Farmland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Da' an 131317, China
Northeast Saline-Alkali Land Sub-Center, National Saline-Alkali Land Comprehensive Utilization Technology Innovation Center, Da'an 131317, China | | | YANG Fei | China Railway 14th Bureau Group Northwest Engineering Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710086, China | | | FENG Zhonghua | China Railway 14th Bureau Group Northwest Engineering Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710086, China | | | WANG Mingming | National Key Laboratory of Black Land Protection and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
Jilin Da'an Farmland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Da' an 131317, China
Northeast Saline-Alkali Land Sub-Center, National Saline-Alkali Land Comprehensive Utilization Technology Innovation Center, Da'an 131317, China | wangmingming@iga.ac.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 种稻是实现苏打盐碱地高效利用的重要方式，当前苏打盐碱地大面积新垦水田多源自中重度盐碱地，存在pH高、渗透性低、肥力差、理化性状恶化、治理难度大且见效慢等重大科技问题。本文回顾了近年来苏打盐碱地水田的治理历程以及在工程措施、化学措施、物理措施、生物措施、农艺措施与综合措施等治理方向取得的进展。同时，基于苏打盐碱地水田治理的技术短板与需求，本文提出了新阶段苏打盐碱地水田治理技术研究的重点任务，主要包括苏打盐碱土绿色长效调理剂创制与应用、高效脱盐降碱技术、耐盐碱高产优质品种、水稻专用肥创制与应用、节水灌溉、耐盐碱促生微生物培育与应用绿色丰产栽培技术等方面，旨在为苏打盐碱地水田障碍消减、地力提升、水稻产量与品质协同提升提供理论依据和技术参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Planting rice is an important way to realize the efficient utilization of saline-alkali land. At present, most of the large-scale newly reclaimed paddy fields in sodic/saline soils are medium and severe saline-alkali land with poor physicochemical properties, including high soil pH, low permeability, poor fertility, difficulties in soil amelioration, and their slow effects. This paper reviewed the amelioration processes of paddy fields in sodic/saline sodic soils in recent years and the progresses, involving engineering measures, chemical measures, physical measures, biological measures, agronomic measures and comprehensive measures. At the same time, the key tasks of paddy field amelioration technologies in sodic/saline sodic soils in the new stage were put forward based on the technical shortcomings and needs of paddy field amelioration in sodic/saline sodic soils. These included the creation and application of green longterm conditioners for saline-alkali soil, high-efficiency desalination and alkali reduction technology, saline-alkaline-tolerant high-yield and high-quality varieties, the creation and application of special fertilizer for rice, water-saving irrigation, cultivation and application of salt-tolerant and growth-promoting microorganisms, and green high-yield cultivation technology. This paper may provide theoretical and practical guidance for decreasing the soil constraints, increasing basic soil fertility, and synergistically enhancing rice yield and grain quality in a more effective way. |
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