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| 连续施用生物有机肥对连作棉花生长、养分吸收及产量的影响 |
| Effects of continuous application of bio-organic fertilizer on growth，nutrient uptake and yield of continuous cropping cotton |
| Received:January 24, 2025 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2025.0057 |
| 中文关键词: 生物有机肥，连作棉田，防御性酶活性，养分吸收，肥料养分利用率，产量 |
| 英文关键词: bio-organic fertilizer, continuous cotton field, defensive enzyme activity, nutrient uptake, fertilizer nutrient utilization, yield |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项（2022A02007）；国家重点研发项目（2021YFD1900802）；石河子大学成果转化与技术推广项目（CGZH202203） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | YU Mengmeng | Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, China | | | HE Hao | Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, China | | | CHENG Liyang | Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, China | | | LI Shuai | Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, China | | | WAN Tingting | Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, China | | | DING Yaping | Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, China | | | LI Junhua | Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, China | ljh630703@163.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究多年连作棉田中施用生物有机肥对棉花生长发育、黄萎病防治、生物量积累、养分吸收以及产量形成的影响，本研究以连作23年的棉田为研究对象，通过连续2年的施肥试验[农户施化肥（CK）和农户施化肥＋生物有机肥（BOF）]，探究了棉花株高、茎粗、叶片光合色素含量、防御性酶活性以及各器官养分吸收和产量形成规律。结果表明：与CK处理相比，BOF处理显著提高了棉花盛蕾期、花铃期的株高，茎粗以及花铃期叶片光合色素含量和防御性酶活性；花铃期，叶片中丙二醛（MDA）含量下降了24.32%~30.27%，棉花黄萎病发病率降低了14.84~20.66个百分点，对黄萎病的相对防效达到了61.80%；同时促进了棉株干物质量的积累，花铃期和吐絮期的干物质量分别增加了47.15%~70.37%和56.66%~61.97%，籽棉产量分别提升28.17%（2023年籽棉产量8 476.67 kg·hm-2）、19.82%（2024年籽棉产量8 515.46 kg·hm-2）。生物有机肥的施用可以促进棉株对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收，BOF处理较CK处理氮、磷、钾偏生产力分别提高了19.20%~28.16%、19.83%~28.17%、19.82%~25.90%，氮、磷、钾偏因子养分平衡分别提升了67.69%~73.13%、50.00%~88.89%、71.51%~76.02%。研究表明，在多年连作棉田中施用生物有机肥有利于棉株生长发育及生物量的形成，促进棉花养分吸收，显著提高了棉花产量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to investigate the effects of bio-organic fertilizer application on cotton growth, control of Verticillium wilt, biomass accumulation, nutrient uptake, and yield formation in a multi-year continuous cotton field, in this study, we investigated the plant height and stem thickness, leaf photosynthetic pigment content and defensive enzyme activity, nutrient uptake in various organs, and yield formation of cotton through 2 consecutive years of fertilizer application experiments [farmer-applied fertilizer（CK）and farmer-applied fertilizer plus bio-organic fertilizer（BOF）] in cotton fields that had been continuously cropped for 23 years. The results showed that in the 2-year fertilization experiment, compared with the CK treatment, the BOF treatment significantly increased plant height, stem thickness of cotton at the full bud stage and flowering and boll stage, as well as the photosynthetic pigment content and defensive enzyme activity in leaves at the flowering and boll stage. At the flowering and boll stage, the malondialdehyde（MDA）content in leaves decreased by 24.32%-30.27%, the incidence rate of cotton Verticillium wilt was reduced by 14.84-20.66 percent points, and the relative control effect on Verticillium wilt reached 61.80%. At the same time, it promoted the accumulation of dry matter mass of the cotton plant. The dry matter mass at the boll stage and fluffing stage increased by 47.15%-70.37% and 56.66%-61.97%, respectively; the seed cotton yield was enhanced by 28.17%（seed cotton yield of 8 476.67 kg ·hm-2 in 2023）and 19.82%（seed cotton yield of 8 515.46 kg ·hm-2 in 2024）, respectively. The application of bio-organic fertilizer could promote the uptake of N, P, K nutrients by cotton plants, and the N, P, K bias productivity of BOF treatment increased by 19.20%-28.16%, 19.83%-28.17%, and 19.82%-25.90%, and the N, P, K bias factor nutrient balance increased by 67.69%-73.13%, 50.00%-88.89%, 71.51%-76.89%, respectively. The study showes that the application of bio-organic fertilizers in cotton fields with long-term continuous cropping is beneficial to the growth of cotton plants and the formation of biomass, can promote crop nutrient absorption, and significantly increase cotton yield. |
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