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| 我国寒旱区农村改厕技术模式调研及评价 |
| Survey and evaluation of technical models adapted for rural toilet renovation in cold and arid regions in China |
| Received:March 25, 2025 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2025.0272 |
| 中文关键词: 改厕技术模式，模式评价，寒旱地区，指标体系，层次分析法 |
| 英文关键词: technical mode for toilet renovation, model evaluation, cold and arid region, indicator system, analytic hierarchy process |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1601005） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | JIA Yiman | Institute of Rural Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China | | WURI Lage | Institute of Rural Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China | | ZHANG Aiqin | Institute of Rural Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China | | DING Jingtao | Institute of Rural Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China | | WANG Huihui | Institute of Rural Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China | | LI Danyang | Institute of Rural Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China | | FAN Shengyuan | Institute of Rural Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
Key Laboratory of Rural Toilet and Sewage Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对我国寒旱区农村改厕技术适配性难题，本研究通过实地调研寒旱区11个省（自治区）136个村庄的981户农户，结合文献分析与政策解读，总结提出了寒旱区适用6类改厕技术模式，包括卫生旱厕+粪污就地还田利用、卫生旱厕+粪污集中处理还田利用、水冲式厕所+粪污就地处理/达标排放、水冲式厕所+粪污外运集中处理还田利用/达标排放、水冲式厕所+管网收集与污水协同处理+达标排放/资源化利用、雨水/灰水回用+水冲式厕所+粪污资源化/达标排放。基于技术性、经济性、社会性和环境性4个维度，构建了包含12项指标的寒旱区改厕技术模式评价体系，采用层次分析法确定权重，并通过模糊综合评价法对不同村庄类型的技术模式适用性进行量化分析。结果表明，寒旱区城市近郊村宜优先采用水冲式厕所+管网收集与污水协同处理+达标排放/资源化利用模式（评分87.07），偏远分散村则以卫生旱厕+粪污就地还田利用模式最优（评分85.67）。研究结果可为寒旱区农村改厕技术模式选择提供科学依据，助力农村厕所革命高质量推进。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To address the technical adaptability challenges of rural toilet renovation in China's cold and arid regions, this study conducted field surveys covering 981 households in 136 villages across 11 provinces（autonomous regions）, with literature analysis and policy interpretation, six adapted technical models were proposed, based on toilet types, fecal sludge disposal, and resource utilization. These included dry sanitation toilets with on-site fecal application, dry toilets with centralized fecal treatment, water-flush toilets with decentralized treatment, water-flush toilets with centralized treatment, water-flush sewer-connected toilets with co-treatment of wastewater, rainwater/greywater-reuse toilets. An evaluation system incorporating technical, economic, social, and environmental criteria with 12 indicators was established using the analytic hierarchy process（AHP）and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Results indicated that water-flush sewer-connected toilets with co-treatment of wastewater was optimal for peri-urban villages（87.07 points）, while decentralized dry sanitation toilets with on-site fecal application was better suited for remote areas（85.67 points）. These findings provide a scientific basis for selecting region-specific toilet renovation technologies, supporting the high-quality advancement of rural sanitation improvement. |
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