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| 沼液替代化肥对稻田土壤肥力及水稻产量的影响 |
| Effects of biogas slurry substitution for chemical fertilizers on paddy soil fertility and rice yield |
| Received:February 06, 2026 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2026.0147 |
| 中文关键词: 沼液替代化肥，土壤障碍消减，胞外酶活性，碳氮组分，作物产量 |
| 英文关键词: biogas slurry substitution for chemical fertilizer, mitigation of soil constraint, extracellular enzyme activity, carbon and nitrogen fraction, crop yield |
| 基金项目:浙江省自然科学基金项目（LLSSZ24C030001）；衢州市科技计划重点攻关项目（2023K091） |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | Wang Yulin | School of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Waste Biomass Recycling and Ecological Treatment, Hangzhou 310023, China | | | Chai Yanjun | School of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Waste Biomass Recycling and Ecological Treatment, Hangzhou 310023, China | chaiyanjun@zust.edu.cn | | Wang Zhuozhe | School of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Waste Biomass Recycling and Ecological Treatment, Hangzhou 310023, China | | | Zhao Ning | School of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Waste Biomass Recycling and Ecological Treatment, Hangzhou 310023, China | | | Li Zichuan | School of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Waste Biomass Recycling and Ecological Treatment, Hangzhou 310023, China | | | Wang Panan | School of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Waste Biomass Recycling and Ecological Treatment, Hangzhou 310023, China | | | Ge Tida | State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨沼液替代化肥对稻田土壤障碍因子的调控作用及其剖面效应，本试验设不施肥（CK）、常规施肥（CF）、化肥优化施肥（CF-OPT）、沼液全氮替代化肥氮含量50%、75%的处理（BS-50% N、BS-75% N）、沼液化肥配施替代50%、75%氮处理（BS-50% NPK、BS-75% NPK），分析了不同处理对土壤理化性质、胞外酶活性、颗粒态与矿物结合态有机碳氮组分以及水稻产量的影响，并结合偏最小二乘路径模型（PLS-PM）解析其作用路径。结果表明：与CF相比，沼液替代处理总体提高了表层土壤pH、电导率（EC）、土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、全钾（TK）、有效磷（AP）和速效钾（AK）的含量，此外，沼液替代总体上显著降低了表层土壤中铵态氮（NH+4-N）和75%替代率处理的硝态氮（NO-3-N）含量。而在底层土壤中，沼液替代对pH、EC及多数指标无显著影响，沼液化肥配施替代氮显著降低了SOC含量，降幅为36.57%~37.85%，但NH+4-N含量却显著增加133.14%~218.98%。沼液替代抑制了表层土壤碳、氮和磷相关的胞外酶活性，而亮氨酸氨基肽酶（LAP）受替代比例的显著影响，其中BS-50% N处理显著提高了LAP活性，而75%替代率处理显著降低了LAP活性；同时，沼液替代显著降低了酚氧化酶（POX）活性（除BS-50% NPK外），并显著提高了过氧化物酶（PER）活性（除BS-50% N外）。底层土壤中多数胞外酶对沼液替代的影响不显著，两类氧化酶活性整体降低，但LAP活性显著增强。沼液替代促进了表层土壤颗粒态和矿物结合态有机碳、氮的积累，且75%替代率处理更有利于矿物结合态组分的形成；而在底层土壤中，主要表现为矿物结合态有机碳含量下降，降幅为28.73%~39.01%，而颗粒态有机碳、氮和矿物结合态有机氮含量变化不显著。沼液替代化肥对水稻养分含量和产量影响较小，仅在秸秆钾含量和籽粒氮含量等个别指标上表现出显著差异，而对籽粒产量的提升作用并不显著。PLS-PM分析进一步表明，沼液替代主要通过调节土壤理化性质、胞外酶活性及碳氮组分间的协同关系间接影响水稻产量，且该调控机制在表层与底层土壤中存在显著差异。综上，50%~75%的沼液替代区间在维持水稻稳产的同时能够有效调节土壤碳氮过程，其中50%替代率更有利于提高LAP活性并增强氮转化潜力，而75%替代率在缓解土壤酸化和促进矿物结合态有机碳形成方面表现更优；同时，沼液与化肥配施在维持颗粒态有机质和养分有效性方面表现出更为均衡的培肥效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study aimed to explore the regulatory effects of biogas slurry substitution for chemical fertilizers on soil constraint factors in paddy fields and their profile-scale responses. A field experiment was conducted with seven treatments：no fertilization（CK）, conventional fertilization（CF）, optimized chemical fertilization（CF-OPT）, biogas slurry fully substituting 50% and 75% of chemical nitrogen（BS- 50%N and BS-75%N）, and combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizers replacing 50% and 75% of nitrogen（BS- 50%NPK and BS-75%NPK）. Soil phy sicochemical properties, extracellular enzyme activities, particulate and mineral-associated carbon and nitrogen fractions, and rice yield were systematically analyzed. Partial least squares path modeling（PLS-PM）was further employed to elucidate the underlying regulatory pathways. The results showed that, compared with CF, biogas slurry substitution significantly increased topsoil pH, electrical conductivity（EC）, soil organic carbon（SOC）, total nitrogen（TN）, total potassium（TK）, available phosphorus（AP）, and available potassium（AK）. In addition, biogas slurry substitution generally decreased topsoil ammonium nitrogen（NH4+-N）and the treatments of 75% substitution rate nitrate nitrogen（NO3--N）contents. In the subsoil, however, biogas slurry substitution had no significant effects on pH, EC, or most other properties. The combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizers significantly reduced SOC content by 36.57%-37.85%, but significantly increased NH4+-N content by 133.14%-218.98%. Biogas slurry substitution generally suppressed the activities of carbon-, nitrogen-, and phosphorus-acquiring extracellular enzymes in the topsoil. Leucine aminopeptidase （LAP）increased under the BS-50%N but declined at the 75% level, whereas phenol oxidase（POX）（except for BS-50%NPK）decreased and peroxidase（PER）（except for BS-50%N）increased significantly. In the subsoil, most extracellular enzymes were insensitive to substitution, while LAP activity was markedly enhanced. Biogas slurry substitution promoted the accumulation of particulate and mineralassociated organic carbon and nitrogen（POC, MAOC, PON, and MAON）in the topsoil, and the 75% substitution rate was more conducive to the formation of mineral-associated fractions. Conversely, MAOC declined significantly in the subsoil by 28.73%-39.01%, while POC, PON, and MAON showed no significant overall changes. Biogas slurry substitution for chemical fertilizers had limited effects on rice nutrient concentrations and yield, with significant differences observed only in a few indicators, such as straw potassium concentration and grain nitrogen concentration, while its effect on increasing grain yield was not significant. PLS-PM analysis further showed that biogas slurry substitution mainly affected rice yield indirectly by regulating soil phy sicochemical properties, extracellular enzyme activities, and the coordination among carbon and nitrogen fractions, and that this regulatory mechanism differed significantly between topsoil and subsoil. In summary, a 50%-75% substitution of chemical fertilizers with biogas slurry effectively regulate soil carbon and nitrogen processes while maintaining stable rice production. Specifically, the 50% substitution rate is more conducive to enhancing LAP activity and strengthening nitrogen transformation potential, whereas the 75% substitution rate performed better in alleviating soil acidification and promoting the formation of mineral-associated organic carbon. Meanwhile, the combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizers exhibit a more balanced fertilization effect by sustaining particulate organic matter and nutrient availability. |
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